1. © 2005 PRS S.A. Isolated electric power systems reliability and efficiency improvement based on electric power quality monitoring and control Project supervisor: Edward Szmit Presenter: Daniel Czarkowski Polski Rejestr Statków S.A. Electrical and Automation Department Gdańsk, POLAND Conference “Aeronautics and surface transport days” 11-12 April 2005, Warsaw

2. © 2005 PRS S.A. 2 Ship electric power system

3. © 2005 PRS S.A. 3 Electromagnetic disturbances in a ship’s power network 380 400 420 440 460 U [V] time [min.] 0 4123  U n =11% 59 59.5 60 60.5 61 f [Hz] time [min.] 04123  f n =1,6%

4. © 2005 PRS S.A. 4 Voltage distortion -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 U [V] time [s] THD=4,4% How to measure power quality? Total Harmonic Distortion -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 U [V] time [s] THD=13,5% Un=220 V Un=440 V

5. © 2005 PRS S.A. 5 From deviations to losses Effects of the occurrence of voltage and current higher harmonics in electric power systems are as follows:  additional power losses in machines, transformers etc.,  additional power losses In capacitors and coils,  dropping accuracy of measuring instruments,  occurrence of mechanical vibrations. What is the reason for calculating THD? disturbances in power network perturbs of devices failure hazard conditions on a ship human lives at risk economical losses danger of pollution

6. © 2005 PRS S.A. 6  Classification societies:  International standard IEC 60092-101:2001 Electrical installations in ships - Part 101: Definitions and general requirements: –THD ≤ 5% –voltage deviations-10% +6% –frequency deviations ±5% –and other factors Requirements PRSLRDNVABSGL THD10%8%10%5%10% Different requirements?

7. © 2005 PRS S.A. 7 Results of measurements type of parameter THD required by classification societies mean THD measured on a ship maximum THD requirements / results 5-10%12-19%24% Electronic power converters in power consumer system are often installed on ships, e.g. Queen Mary II. Ships’ main propulsion systems are more often electric. Converters cause worse power quality. Ship technology changes, what about requirements?

8. © 2005 PRS S.A. The aim of the project is realisation of ship’s electric power systems based on a choice of appropriate and effective technical solutions as well as on elaboration of algorithms and procedures of proceedings under hazard conditions. Thank you for your attention Any further questions please contact me: d.czarkowski@prs.pl or project supervisor: te@prs.pl