1. U.S. Coast Guard UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Domain Awareness Curtis L. Dubay, P.E. Director, MDA Program Integration U.S. Coast Guard 5 March 2009 1

2. U.S. Coast Guard USCG Global Missions Maritime Safety Security Stewardship Unclassified

3. U.S. Coast Guard Exclusive Economic Zone (world’s largest) Unclassified

4. U.S. Coast Guard National Marine Sanctuaries Unclassified

5. U.S. Coast Guard Challenges to Global Security Organized crime Piracy Drug smuggling Human smuggling and slavery Illegal weapons movement & proliferation Terrorism Exclusive Economic Zone (resource) exploitation Illegal fishing Trade disruption Illegal migration Search and Rescue Environmental attack Nations find their well-being challenged by these common threats to Maritime Security 4

6. U.S. Coast Guard CG Mission Programs Safety Marine Safety Search and Rescue Security Defense Readiness Ports, Waterways, & Coastal Security Drug Interdiction Migrant Interdiction Other Law Enforcement Stewardship Marine Environmental Protection Living Marine Resources Enforcement Aids to Navigation Ice Operations Unclassified

7. U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Governance – Vision/Long Term Strategy “A systems approach to maritime governance must be global in scope and must be built upon a foundation of international cooperation.” U.S. Coast Guard Strategy for Maritime Safety, Security, and Stewardship Admiral Thad Allen, Commandant, US Coast Guard 8

8. U.S. Coast Guard Security Stewardship Maritime Governance Across the Maritime Domain Unity of Effort Regimes (Policies, Regulations) Awareness Government Private Sector Port States Approaches Global Commons Port States International Safety Operations 6

9. U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) …the effective understanding of anything associated with the global maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment 2

10. U.S. Coast Guard Achieving and Maintaining MDA Vessels People Facilities Cargo Infrastructure Sea lanes Threats Friendly forces Weather Sensors Operators & field personnel Intel Sources Open source Private sector data Law enforcement Tracks w/ tracks Data w/ data Tracks w/ data Observables Collect Fuse Analyze Disseminate Decisions Observables Collect Fuse Analyze Disseminate Decisions Anomaly detection Pattern recog & analysis Compare w/ rules Research tools Networks Displays (COP/UDOP) Command centers Strategic Operational Tactical 10

11. U.S. Coast Guard Collect Coastal AIS Nationwide IMO Global Tracking AIS Buoy Patrol Ships & Aircraft AIS Satellites Vessel Traffic Systems Coastal Radar 11

12. U.S. Coast Guard Fuse 12

13. U.S. Coast Guard Analyze Vessel A Characteristics Crew Passengers Cargo History Current Activity Projected Activity Tools Data Warehouses Received Reports Field Observations Sensors 13

14. U.S. Coast Guard Disseminate Report of Vessel A Characteristics History Crew Passengers Cargo Current Activity Command Center Views & Databases Operations Meetings & Port Partnerships Arrivals Reports & Schedules 14

15. U.S. Coast Guard High Seas 300 - 2,000 nm Ports & Approaches < 24 nm Coastal 24 - 300 nm High Seas 300 - 2,000 nm Layered MDA 15

16. UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Coast Guard US Port Port State Layered MDA Sensor Coverage Areas Long Range Identification and Tracking Nationwide Automated Identification System IOC Global position reporting per SOLAS regulations. 4 daily broadcasts per IMO 160+ contracting governments participating in LRIT efforts Track 40,000+ SOLAS Class vessels globally Satellite-based reporting. Command Center monitors vessel behavior with radars and cameras. Corroborate vessel behavior with actions advertised in LRIT/NAIS and in ship reports Joint planning and ops tools Real-time op decision support. Covers critical port/coastal approaches to 24NM. CG Enterprise All tracking systems feed data to CG enterprise data warehouse for strategic fusion. Generated using Google Earth® Nationwide network of towers & transceivers Similar to aircraft transponders VHF radio-based (line of sight technology), self-generated vessel reports per IMO/SOLAS Provides AIS data feed to CG enterprise data stores. Inside 50 NM: near real time reports (seconds/minutes). Inside 2000NM: less frequent satellite based coverage. 16 Classified Systems

17. U.S. Coast Guard 20 Current AIS Capability

18. 18 Connectivity Symbols Current Coverage in VTS Ports and at Prototype Sites NAIS Increment 1 NAIS Increment 1 Critical Coastal Coverage NAIS Data Signals CG Data Network Links Shipboard AIS used on AIS equipped vessels for navigation safety Encrypted AIS used for Blue Force Tracking Conceptual Shore-side NAIS Capability in Critical Ports & Coastal Areas CG Data Networks & Portals Sector Command Center Operations Systems Center Maritime Intelligence Fusion Centers & other Users of NAIS data Navigation Center Coastal Coverage Network Node Network Node Class B User Class A User Provides net- centric connectivity across domains Provided direct feed of AIS data NAIS Storage, Correlation, & Dissemination NAIS Management & Monitoring Sector Command Center Manages the Local Tactical Picture Critical Port Coverage 19

19. U.S. Coast Guard 20

20. U.S. Coast Guard

21. + tle – H1 AIS Via Commercial LEO Satellite Unclassified

22. U.S. Coast Guard Commercial AIS - 24 hour period Combined data of 2 satellites Time of screen capture: 13:16 UTC 5 November 2008 Vessel count: 11928

23. U.S. Coast Guard Long Range Identification and Tracking Used with Permission of Inmarsat 17

24. U.S. Coast Guard Inland River Vessel Movement Center CDC Barges ANHYDROUS AMMONIA 12,007 (35%) AMMONIUM NITRATE 7,696 (23%) CHLORINE 6,720 (20%) PROPYLENE OXIDE 3,783 (11%) BUTADIENE 3,021 (8%) BUTANE 689 (2%) OTHER CHEMICALS 46 (1%)

25. U.S. Coast Guard IRVMC Inland Rivers Vessel Movement Center

26. U.S. Coast Guard US Information Sharing Today – Mobilizing the Citizens “Layer” All eyes on the water – America’s Waterway Watch http://www.americaswaterwaywatch.org/ Engaging Port Partners – Acknowledging Industry’s involvement 23

27. U.S. Coast Guard Interagency Operations Centers 21

28. U.S. Coast Guard Interagency Operations Centers Collaboration USCG Military Interoperability Port Partners Command Center Data Integration and Presentation Situational Awareness Requirements Sensor Control and Processing 22

29. Approach Distance 24 NM 5 NM Approach Zone Radar tracking of vessels Daytime cameras Nighttime imaging Receive all AIS broadcasts Fuse sensor inputs into one track IP-enabled sensor network Monitoring Zone Monitor behavior of all vessels Provide persistent surveillance of security zones, regulated navigation areas and port vulnerabilities Observe, day/night, activities and operations within the zone Interagency Operations Centers Concept 25

30. U.S. Coast Guard International AIS Information Sharing Maritime Security and Safety Information System (MSSIS) 27

31. U.S. Coast Guard In Conclusion The US Coast Guard is one of many agencies in a layered approach to MDA A variety of sensors, analysis tools, technologies, & partnerships combine to guard our waters Global implementation & continued international partnerships are essential MDA is the key to effectively implementing any maritime security strategy 28

32. U.S. Coast Guard Curtis.L.Dubay@uscg.mil Thank You 29

33. U.S. Coast Guard 7 National MDA Governance CNO-CCG Warfighter Talks GMAII GMSA Global Maritime Intelligence Integration Global Maritime Situational Awareness Maritime Domain Awareness Stakeholder Board A federal interdepartmental and interagency leadership structure DOT DOD DHS MDA SB meets monthly, G5 meet weekly