1. Chapter 12 Emerging Leadership Perspectives
Great leaders walk the talk

2. Chapter 12 Study Questions
What is integrative leadership?
What is moral leadership?
What is change leadership?
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

3. What is integrative leadership?
Full-range leadership theory (FRLT)
Involves nine dimensions covering both transformational and transactional leadership, especially emphasizing contextual variables
designed to recognize contextual variables that link observations to a set of relevant facts, events, or points of view
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4. What is integrative leadership?
Shared leadership
a dynamic, interactive influence process among individuals in groups for which the objective is to lead one another to the achievement of group or organizational goals or both.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

5. What is integrative leadership?
Leadership in self-managing work teams
Leaders provide resources or act as liaisons with other units but without the trappings of authority associated with traditional first-line supervisors
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

6. What is integrative leadership?
Conditions for creating and maintaining team performance
Efficient, goal-directed effort
Adequate resources
Competent, motivated performance
A productive, supportive climate
Commitment to continuous improvement and adaptation
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

7. What is integrative leadership?
Self-Leadership Activities
represent a portfolio of self-influence strategies that are believed to positively influence individual behavior, thought processes, and related activities
behavior-focused, natural-reward, and constructive-thought-pattern
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

8. What is integrative leadership?
Behavior focused strategies
self-observation
self-goal setting
self-reward
self-correcting feedback
practice
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

9. What is integrative leadership?
GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program)
attributes and entities that differentiate a specified culture predict organizational practices, leader attributes, behaviors that are most often carried out and are most effective in that culture
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

10. Figure 12.1
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11. What is integrative leadership?
Culture dimensions
Assertiveness
Future orientation
Gender egalitarianism
Uncertainty avoidance
Power distance
Institutional emphasis
In-group collectivism
Performance orientation
Humane orientation
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

12. What is integrative leadership?
Leadership dimensions
Charismatic/value based
Team-oriented
Participative
Humane-oriented
Autonomous
Self-protective
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13. Figure 12.2
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14. What is integrative leadership?
Multiple-Level Leadership
there are three different organizational domains from the bottom to the top of the organization,
(1) the production domain at the bottom of the organization
(2) the organization domain in the middle levels
(3) the systems domain at the top
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

15. Figure 12.3
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16. What is integrative leadership?
Cognitive complexity
are those who process information differently and perform certain better than less cognitively complex persons because they use more categories to discriminate
Social intelligence
ability to notice and make distinctions among other individuals
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17. What is integrative leadership?
Absorptive capacity
the ability to learn
Adaptive capacity
the ability to change
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18. What is integrative leadership?
Managerial wisdom
involves the ability to perceive variation in the environment and an understanding of the social actors and their relationships.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

19. What is moral leadership?
Authentic leadership
involves both owning one’s personal experiences (values, thoughts, emotions, and beliefs) and acting in accordance with one’s true self (expressing what you really think and believe, and acting accordingly).
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

20. What is moral leadership?
Self-efficacy
an individual’s belief about the likelihood of successfully completing a specific task
Optimism
the expectation of positive outcomes
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21. What is moral leadership?
Hope
the tendency to look for alternative pathways to reach a desired goal
Resilience
the ability to bounce back from failure and keep forging ahead
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22. What is moral leadership?
Servant leadership
primary purpose of business should be to create a positive impact on its employees and its community
helps others discover their inner spirit,
earning and keeping their trust
exhibits is effective listening and service over self interest
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

23. What is moral leadership?
Spiritual leadership
a causal leadership approach for organizational transformation designed to create an intrinsically motivated, learning organization
includes values, attitudes, and behaviors required to intrinsically motivate self and others to have a sense of spiritual survival through calling and membership
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

24. Figure 12.4
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25. What is change leadership?
Change leadership helps deal with the idea of an organization that masters the challenges of change while still creating a satisfying, healthy, and effective workplace for its employees
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

26. What is change leadership?
Transformational change
radically shifts the fundamental character of an organization
Change agents
individuals and groups who take responsibility for changing the existing behavior patterns of another person or social system
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

27. What is change leadership?
Unplanned change
occurs spontaneously and without a change agent’s direction
Planned change
intentional and occurs with a change agent’s direction
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28. What is change leadership?
Performance gap
a discrepancy between the desired and actual state of affairs
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29. Figure 12.5
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30. What is change leadership?
Forces for change
Organization-environment relationship
Organizational life cycle
Political nature of organizations
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31. Figure 12.6
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32. What is change leadership?
Unfreezing
stage at which a situation is prepared for change
Changing
stage in which specific actions are taken to create change
Refreezing
stage in which changes are reinforced and stabilized
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33. What is change leadership?
Force-coercion strategy
uses authority, rewards, and punishments to create change
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34. What is change leadership?
Rational persuasion strategy
uses facts, special knowledge, and rational argument to create change
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35. What is change leadership?
Shared-power strategy
uses participatory methods and emphasizes common values to create change
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36. What is change leadership?
Resistance to change
an attitude or behavior that shows unwillingness to make or support a change
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37. What is change leadership?
Why people resist change
Resistance to the change itself
Resistance to the change strategy
Resistance to the change agent
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38. Figure 12.7
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.