1. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 1 Nancy Graham International Technical Representative - Europe, Africa and Middle East ATN2002 - IEE Conference - London, September 24-25, 2002 FAA Oceanic ATM/CNS Plans & Experience

2. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 2 ATM/CNSExperience

3. 3 The Evolution of FANS-1  A core group of airlines who participated in the Pacific Engineering Trials (PET) determined that a significant reduction in operating costs were achievable by flying optimized flexible tracks on trans-Pacific routes  Reduced operating time  Reduced fuel burn  Increased payload  Increased range  From their experience with the PET, they determined that they needed an avionics upgrade that would provide the required CNS capabilities to support the daily use of a Dynamic Air Route Planning System (DARP) on their trans-Pacific routes  These airlines approached Boeing and Honeywell in June, 1993, with requirements and constraints for a FANS-1 upgrade to the 747-400  Must support DARP operation  Must be operational by early 1995  Airline implementation costs must not outstrip near-term benefits

4. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 4  Targeted benefits:  Dynamic Air Route Planning System (DARP)  Reduced Separation (Latitudinal/Longitudinal, Vertical and Preferred Tracks)  Avoid crossing track altitude loss  Enhanced ATC communications  More timely altitude changes  Configuration ground rules  Interim ARINC 622 system will have extended lifetime  Maximum FANS-1 benefits requires integration of functions  Message integrity issues must be addressed at the system level FANS-1 Benefits: Boeing Perspective

5. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 5 Benefits: More Than the Sum of the Parts Main Benefits

6. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 6 Recipe for Success

7. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 7 Recipe for Success Baseline the Expectations  Data link technology is not perfect  Don’t oversell it  Data link cannot provide order of magnitude ATC changes  There is no “big bang”  Must satisfy the accountants as well as the operational and technology proponents  All players must sign up to the risk and inevitable changes

8. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 8 Recipe for Success Programmatic Commitment  FAA  Must align accountability, responsibility, authority and funding  Unified vision from top to bottom AND laterally  Empowerment and boundaries must be clear  Leadership in international working groups  Industry  Benefits and schedule must support a business case  All airspace users must be active partners  All providers must be active partners  Both  Partnership and interdependency is essential  Commitments must be preceded by a full understanding of the technical, schedule and funding requirements  ATC service changes must be linked to fleet modifications

9. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 9 Recipe for Success Complexity of SYSTEMS Integration  ICAO  RTCA  Airlines  Avionics  Contractor  Program Office  Service Provider  Joint Working Group

10. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 10 Recipe for Success Establish Industry Interoperability Team  Technical operating environment is not seamless  Standards interpretation varies  Ground and avionics systems have unique limitations  Comm service implementations vary  Operational requirements vary between domains  FIR to FIR variations  Airline to airline variations  Benefit validation and visibility  Levels the playing field  ATM/CNS versus ATM/CNS

11. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 11 Recipe for Success Acknowledge That Technology is Not Perfect  Recognize that emulating voice with data has limitations and complications  Slower in direct applications  Same type problems probable  Restricts multi-tasking for controllers and pilots  Workload must be weighed against benefits  Must provide distinct advantages for controllers and pilots  Keep it simple

12. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 12 Recipe for Success Plan for Change  Development paradigm must accommodate change  Recognize that requirements will change with incremental development  Unforeseen problems are a normal part of evolutionary development and should redirect technical efforts, not be considered as failure  Testing is iterative and must be scheduled as such  Legacy systems integration must be adequately scoped  End-to-end systems developer/integrator is essential

13. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 13 Recipe for Success Appreciate Integration Efforts Into Legacy Operational Environment  Data link technology is the easy part  Integration into Legacy environment is difficult  Must also understand  Legacy systems  Operations  Human Factors  Programmatic/political challenges  Change management  Iterative development  Systems integration

14. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 14 Recipe for Success Never Underestimate Training  Technology implications must be explained (behind the glass)  Procedures in system training must be complementary and developed together  Incremental implementation adds to training burden and causes proficiency concerns for pilots and controllers  End-to-end training is required to ensure controllers and pilots understand the ramifications of actions on the other end

15. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 15 Recipe for Success Quality Assurance  Initial operations are only the beginning – follow-up!  Must be candid and include all components  Avionics  Ground automation (all segments)  Comm service (all segments)  Must have non-partisan structure  End-to-end systems perspective  Identify problem and determine which component can best solve it  Track performance for further investment justification  Continuous improvement

16. Federal Aviation Administration – Oceanic & Offshore Program 16  Nancy Graham, International Technical Representative - Europe, Africa, and Middle East  Brussels, Belgium  E-mail: Nancy.Graham@faa.govNancy.Graham@faa.gov  Terry Moore, Acting Oceanic & Offshore Acting IPT Lead  Washington, DC  E-mail: Terry.Moore@faa.govTerry.Moore@faa.gov  John McCarron, ATOP Product Team Lead  Washington, DC  E-mail: John.McCarron@faa.govJohn.McCarron@faa.gov  Kevin Grimm, Oceanic & Offshore Chief Engineer  Washington, DC  E-mail: Kevin.Grimm@faa.govKevin.Grimm@faa.gov For More Information…