1. DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF SMALL SCALE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

2. PRESENTATION FLOW WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK BRIEF THEORY
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
PROBLEMS
TESTING AND RESULTS
FUTURE WORK
QUESTION AND ANSWERS

3. 1. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) BRIEF THEORY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Large number of small nodes densely deployed in a region.
Collaborate to accomplish a common task, the data is forwarded towards a remote base station.
Sensor Nodes: sensing, data processing, communication.
Base Station: PC with node compatible wireless interface. Monitor and control all system activities.
Applications:
Intruder tracking,
surveillance,
Habitat Monitoring,
Monitoring Disaster areas etc.
WSN concept representation.
WSN Theory

4. Energy Efficiency: Irreplaceable node and limited battery.
WSN Theory continued...
1.2 WSN FEATURES
Self Configuration: Network formation without human intervention, both communication and positioning.
Special Protocols: Handling large number of nodes, broadcast medium, multihop routing.
Energy Efficiency: Irreplaceable node and limited battery.
Data Aggregation and Fusion: redundant data from multiple nodes can be aggregated.
WSN Theory

5. Demonstration of WSN for Intruder Tracking Application.
2. DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Demonstration of WSN for Intruder Tracking Application.
Development of three sensor nodes having:
ultrasonic intruder detector,
Micro-controller
Wireless transceiver
Base station establishment using Wireless interfaced PC.
Software development for intruder trajectory mapping using node map.
Development Plan
System block diagram

6. 3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 ULTRASONIC SENSOR FOR NODE
a). Detection setup
b). Sensor block diagram
c). Sensor TX wave pattern
d). Sensor TX schematic
40KHz wave
65ms
1ms
Hardware Implementation

7. Hardware Implementation
Ultrasonic Sensor continued...
e). Ultrasonic receiver amplifier.
f). Ultrasonic receiver detection.
g). Ultrasonic receiver output comparator.
Hardware Implementation

8. Hardware Implementation
3.2 MICROCONTROLLER
Microcontroller Tasks:
Interrupt Signal handling of sensor.
Data packet formation containing node identification and sensor information.
Transmission of data packet serially to the base station via wireless communication device.
8051 microcontroller working schematic.
Hardware Implementation

9. Hardware Implementation
3.3 WIRELESS TRANSCEIVER
RF-650 Smart Radio Module features:
Upto 250metres Range.
Low Supply Voltage 3.3V, CMOS.
Serial Data Interface.
Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK).
Manchester encoded data.
Internal CRC error detection.
RF-650 Radio Module
Module pin diagram.
Module antenna.
Hardware Implementation

10. Hardware Implementation
Wireless Transceivers continued...
RF-650 configuration can be done by setting configuration pin low and sending a set of configuration data bytes as depicted by the following table.
Hardware Implementation

11. Hardware Implementation
Wireless Transceivers continued...
RF-650 schematic for serial PC interface.
Hardware Implementation

12. Hardware Implementation
3.4 FULL SENSOR NODE SCHEMATIC
To next slide
Hardware Implementation

13. Hardware Implementation
Full Sensor Node Schematic continued...
From previous slide
Hardware Implementation

14. 4. PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
MICRO-CONTROLLER PROGRAMMING
Microcontroller tasks description.
Program Flow
Programming and Software

15. Programming and Software
4.2 BASE STATION SOFTWARE “senTRACK”
GUI using Visual Basic 6.
Windows based, fully automatic, user friendly software.
Serial Port Interface to wireless module.
Visual mapping of intruder trajectory.
Easy node map reconfiguration.
Detailed summary generation.
Programming and Software

16. Programming and Software
4.3 UTILITY SOFTWARE “RFPROG”
RF-650 configuration through byte pattern as given in the section 3.3 Slide 14.
A software developed to aid in repetitive programming by providing a simple user interface.
Programming and Software

17. Selection of suitable radio module.
5. PROBLEMS
5.1 Hardware Procurement
Selection of suitable radio module.
Wireless radio module shipment too costly.
Level translator MAX-3232.
5.2 Problems in Hardware Implementation
8051 Microcontroller (TTL 5V) Interfacing to RF-650 (LV-CMOS 3.3V)
SMT soldering of MAX-3232 IC.
Ultrasonic sensor interfacing to microcontroller.
Interface Circuitry
Problems

18. The sensor will detect intruder in the line of sight.
6. TESTING AND RESULTS
6.1 Simplifying Assumptions
The sensor will detect intruder in the line of sight.
Broadcast medium is used for wireless communication.
Three points are enough to map the intruder trajectory!
6.2 Simulate to Demonstrate
Due to interfacing problems of sensor interrupt to microcontroller.
Simulating sensor interrupt by placing manual push button.
6.3 Results
Ultrasonic sensor successfully tested to perform the intruder detection.
RF-650 radio modules successfully tested to perform the wireless communication.
Software developed for intruder trajectory mapping, system monitoring and controlling.
Testing and Results

19. Implementation using popular mote kits.
7. FUTURE WORK
7.1 Standard Mote Based Implementation
Implementation using popular mote kits.
Crossbow's Proposed MICA2 Basic Kit features:
3 MICA2 Processor/Radio Boards
2 MTS300 Sensor Boards (Light, Temperature, Acoustic, and Sounder)
1 MIB510 Programming and Serial Interface Board.
Mote-Test Software, Hardware User’s Manuals, TinyOS Guide.
Programming in Nes-C on Linux platform.
Price $ 795 (Rs. 50,000 approx including shipment charges)

20. QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

21. THANKS