1. Unit 10 Chapter 37 Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion

2. The Respiratory System
Pathway of air:
Nasal passages = to warm, moisten, & filter
Pharynx = throat
Epiglottis = cartilage flap covering opening of trachea, prevents food from entering
Larynx = voice box

3. The Respiratory System
Trachea (windpipe)
surrounded by cartilage rings to prevent collapse
Bronchi  bronchioles
successively smaller tubes branching into lungs
Alveoli
small sacs where oxygen & CO2 are exchanged by simple diffusion

4. The Respiratory System
Types of Respiration:
External Respiration
Occurs in lungs, oxygen enters blood
Internal Respiration
Occurs in body cells, oxygen enters tissue
Which is
External?
…Internal?

5. The Respiratory System
Mechanics of breathing:
Inhaling = diaphragm contracts, chest enlarges, reduced pressure brings in air
Exhaling = diaphragm relaxes, chest reduces, increased pressure pushes out air

6. Click on image to play video.
Diaphragm
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7. The Circulatory System: the Blood
Plasma
Straw colored fluid portion of blood
Transports food, cell wastes, hormones, antibodies, etc

8. The Circulatory System: the Blood
Red Blood Cells
Small, disc-shaped cells without nuclei
Contains Hemoglobin, which gives RBCs the ability to transport oxygen

9. The Circulatory System: the Blood
White Blood Cells
Large, nucleated cells without color
Change shape to slip in & out of vessels; for surrounding and engulfing foreign substances

10. The Circulatory System: the Blood
Platelets
Very small cell fragments
Help clot the blood after an injury
Platelets

11. The Circulatory System: the Blood
Blood Types A, B, AB & O are determined by antigens:
Antigens are substances that stimulate an immune response in the body
Plasma contains antibodies:
Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that match with antigens

13. The Circulatory System: the Vessels
Arteries
Large, thick-walled, muscular vessels
Carry blood away from the heart

14. The Circulatory System: the Vessels
Veins
Large, less muscular vessels with valves to prevent backflow of blood
Carry blood toward the heart

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Veins
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16. The Circulatory System: the Vessels
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels branching throughout body tissues
One cell thick walls allow exchange of materials between blood & tissues

17. The Circulatory System: the heart
Chambers of the heart:
Atria
Upper, thin-walled chambers that receive blood from body
Ventricles
Lower, muscular chambers that pump blood to the entire body

18. The Circulatory System: the heart
Blood vessels:
Vena cavae are the largest veins that enter Right Atrium
Pulmonary Artery takes blood to lungs, while Pulmonary Veins bring it back to heart
Aorta is the largest artery that leaves the Left ventricle

19. Circulation of blood through the heart

20. Circulation of blood through the body

21. The Circulatory System: the heart
Pulse
The surge of blood through an artery; can measure the number of heartbeats/minute
Blood Pressure
The force that blood exerts on the blood vessels; directly relates to heart health

22. Click on image to play video.
EKG
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24. The Urinary System Kidneys Nephron
Filter the blood to remove wastes, maintaining homeostasis of the body fluids
Nephron
About one million filtering units per kidney

25. The Urinary System Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra
Tubes connecting kidney to bladder
Urinary bladder
Temporary storage of urine
Urethra
Passes urine from bladder out of the body

26. Click on image to play video.
Kidney
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