1. UNIT 6: CONVERTING ENERGY HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

2. REVIEW: RECALL THE REACTANTS FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION… What three major organ systems are directly involved in providing the reactants for cellular respiration to the body cells?

3. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – BREAKS DOWN FOOD CONTAINING CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, AND PROTEINS INTO SMALLER UNITS Mouth – teeth, enzymes in saliva Pharynx –throat; common passage for food and air Esophagus – tube to stomach Stomach- acid, enzymes Small intestine – major site of digestion; macromolecules absorbed into bloodstream

4. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – BREAKS DOWN FOOD CONTAINING CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, AND PROTEINS INTO SMALLER UNITS Large intestine – excess water absorbed Rectum/anus – solid waste excreted Liver – produces bile which digests fats Liver – produces bile which digests fats Gall bladder – releases bile into SI Pancreas – excretes enzymes to SI and produces hormones to regulate glucose levels in blood

5. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – TAKES IN OXYGEN GAS AND GETS RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE GAS Mouth/nose - air entry Pharynx – passage behind nasal and oral cavity Larynx – voice box; vocal cords Trachea – wind pipe Bronchi – branch to lungs

6. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – TAKES IN OXYGEN GAS AND GETS RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE GAS Lungs – contains bronchioles and alveoli Alveoli – grape-like clusters/sacs surrounded by capillaries; site of gas exchange

7. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – CARRIES OXYGEN FROM LUNGS TO BODY CELLS AND CARBON DIOXIDE FROM CELLS TO LUNGS Heart – pumps blood Arteries–carry blood away from heart Veins-return blood to heart; have valves Capillaries–tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs with body cells Hemoglobin– proteinin blood that carries oxygen

8. EXCRETORY SYSTEM – REMOVES WASTE FROM THE BODY Kidneys – filter nitrogen waste (urea) from blood; control water balance Ureters – carries urea to bladder Urinary Bladder – holds urine Urethra- external opening

9. EXCRETORY SYSTEM – REMOVES WASTE FROM THE BODY Skin – waste removed through sweat glands Lungs – CO 2 waste and H 2 0 exhaled

10. SUMMARY The reactants for cellular respiration, O 2 and glucose, are brought into the body by the _________________ and _________________ systems. The ____________________ transports the reactants to all of the cells of the body, where ATP is made in the ________________ of the cells. Waste products, CO 2 and H 2 O are transported away from cells by the _________________ system. The nitrogen waste and CO 2 is filtered and removed from the blood by the _________________ system, which includes the urinary, respiratory, and integumentary systems.