1. OT Survey II The Twelve – Part III

2. Purpose Review (1-9) Hosea: God’s love for Israel contrasts with Israel’s love for idols; He will love them though they refuse to repent. Hosea: God’s love for Israel contrasts with Israel’s love for idols; He will love them though they refuse to repent. Joel: Call Israel to repent in light of the coming Day of Yahweh Joel: Call Israel to repent in light of the coming Day of Yahweh Amos: Call Israel to repent in light of the coming judgment from Yahweh Amos: Call Israel to repent in light of the coming judgment from Yahweh Obadiah: Edom’s lack of mercy will bring judgment to them (and all nations) on the Day of Yahweh Obadiah: Edom’s lack of mercy will bring judgment to them (and all nations) on the Day of Yahweh Jonah: Israel’s lack of mercy makes them worthy of judgment, especially given the mercy that they have been shown Jonah: Israel’s lack of mercy makes them worthy of judgment, especially given the mercy that they have been shown Micah: God will give Jerusalem up to Babylon but His deliverance from Assyria foreshadows His future deliverance Micah: God will give Jerusalem up to Babylon but His deliverance from Assyria foreshadows His future deliverance Nahum: To declare God’s imminent destruction of Assyria on behalf of His people, Israel Nahum: To declare God’s imminent destruction of Assyria on behalf of His people, Israel Habakkuk: To instruct the righteous who would live during the Day of Yahweh’s wrath to wait in faith for Yahweh’s deliverance. Habakkuk: To instruct the righteous who would live during the Day of Yahweh’s wrath to wait in faith for Yahweh’s deliverance. Zephaniah: To announce the nearness and terror of Yahweh’s coming day of wrath and declare the means by which the righteous might survive in the midst of it Zephaniah: To announce the nearness and terror of Yahweh’s coming day of wrath and declare the means by which the righteous might survive in the midst of it

3. Haggai

4. Haggai - Introduction Date: 520 BC Date: 520 BC 539: Decree of Cyrus allowing Jews to return 539: Decree of Cyrus allowing Jews to return 536: Foundation of temple laid 536: Foundation of temple laid 536-520: Temple work halted due to opposition and, according to Haggai, lack of devotion 536-520: Temple work halted due to opposition and, according to Haggai, lack of devotion 520: “Then the prophet Haggai and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophets, prophesied to the Jews who were in Judah and Jerusalem, in the name of the God of Israel, who was over them.” (Ezra 5:1) 520: “Then the prophet Haggai and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophets, prophesied to the Jews who were in Judah and Jerusalem, in the name of the God of Israel, who was over them.” (Ezra 5:1) Target – Restored Remnant in Jerusalem Target – Restored Remnant in Jerusalem

5. Haggai 722 Fall of Israel 701 Jerusalem Spared 605 First Deportation 597 Second Deportation 586 Fall of Judah Haggai Isaiah Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi Jeremiah Ezekiel 770 Jeroboam II Uzziah 539 Decree of Cyrus 516 Temple Rebuilt 445 Jerusalem Rebuilt

6. Haggai - Structure 1:1-12: August 29, 520 BC 1:1-12: August 29, 520 BC Message to Zerubbabel and Joshua (1:1) Message to Zerubbabel and Joshua (1:1) People say it is not time to rebuild (1:2) People say it is not time to rebuild (1:2) God has held back agricultural blessings (1:3-11) God has held back agricultural blessings (1:3-11) Zerubbabel, Joshua, and people obey (1:12) Zerubbabel, Joshua, and people obey (1:12) 1:13-15: September 21, 520 BC 1:13-15: September 21, 520 BC God says He is with the people (1:13) God says He is with the people (1:13) God stirs up spirit of Zerubbabel, Joshua, and people to build (1:14-15) God stirs up spirit of Zerubbabel, Joshua, and people to build (1:14-15) 2:1-9: October 17, 520 BC 2:1-9: October 17, 520 BC Message to Zerubbabel, Joshua, and people (2:1-2) Message to Zerubbabel, Joshua, and people (2:1-2) BE STRONG Zerubbabel, Joshua, and people (2:3-5) BE STRONG Zerubbabel, Joshua, and people (2:3-5) Because, God will make latter temple more glorious (2:6-9) Because, God will make latter temple more glorious (2:6-9) 2:10-19: December 18, 520 BC 2:10-19: December 18, 520 BC Unclean makes clean unclean; clean doesn’t make unclean clean (2:10-13) Unclean makes clean unclean; clean doesn’t make unclean clean (2:10-13) People are unclean, so is their work (2:14) People are unclean, so is their work (2:14) God will restore their agricultural blessings (2:15-19) God will restore their agricultural blessings (2:15-19) 2:20-23: December 18, 520 BC 2:20-23: December 18, 520 BC Message to Zerubbabel (2:20-21) Message to Zerubbabel (2:20-21) Zerubbabel will be God’s chosen ruler (2:22-23) Zerubbabel will be God’s chosen ruler (2:22-23)

7. Haggai – Purpose To encourage Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people to be strong in light of God’s promise to be with them and bless them (see esp. 2:4-6). To encourage Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people to be strong in light of God’s promise to be with them and bless them (see esp. 2:4-6). - There is much work to do, for the people are still unclean! (1:2-4; 2:14) - There is much work to do, for the people are still unclean! (1:2-4; 2:14) - Remember Isaiah 40-66: (1) Return from exile (2) Redemption from sin (3) Restoration to glory (removal of the wicked) - Remember Isaiah 40-66: (1) Return from exile (2) Redemption from sin (3) Restoration to glory (removal of the wicked)

8. Haggai and Earlier Revelation Haggai 2:23: “On that day,” declares Yahweh of hosts, “I will take you, Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, My servant,” declares Yahweh, “and I will make you like a signet ring, for I have chosen you,” declares Yahweh of hosts. Haggai 2:23: “On that day,” declares Yahweh of hosts, “I will take you, Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, My servant,” declares Yahweh, “and I will make you like a signet ring, for I have chosen you,” declares Yahweh of hosts. Jeremiah 22:24: “As I live,” declares Yahweh, “even though Coniah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah were a signet ring on My right hand, yet I would pull you off” Jeremiah 22:24: “As I live,” declares Yahweh, “even though Coniah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah were a signet ring on My right hand, yet I would pull you off”

9. Zechariah

10. Zechariah - Introduction Author: Zechariah, a priest (Neh 12:12-16) Author: Zechariah, a priest (Neh 12:12-16) Date: 520-480 BC Date: 520-480 BC Target – Restored Remnant in Jerusalem Target – Restored Remnant in Jerusalem

11. Zechariah 722 Fall of Israel 701 Jerusalem Spared 605 First Deportation 597 Second Deportation 586 Fall of Judah Zechariah Isaiah Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi Jeremiah Ezekiel 770 Jeroboam II Uzziah 539 Decree of Cyrus 516 Temple Rebuilt 445 Jerusalem Rebuilt

12. Zechariah - Structure 1-6 1-6 Question; call to repentance; people obey (1:1-6) Question; call to repentance; people obey (1:1-6) Seven (eight?) night visions (1:7-6:8) Seven (eight?) night visions (1:7-6:8) First and Seventh visions: Four horses patrolling the earth First and Seventh visions: Four horses patrolling the earth Second and Sixth visions: Israel should leave Babylon; their sin will go there Second and Sixth visions: Israel should leave Babylon; their sin will go there Third and Fifth visions: Sin of priest removed; curse on thiefs, sinners Third and Fifth visions: Sin of priest removed; curse on thiefs, sinners Fourth vision: Zerubbabel and Joshua as the Lord’s anointed Fourth vision: Zerubbabel and Joshua as the Lord’s anointed Crowning of Joshua (6:9-15) Crowning of Joshua (6:9-15) 7-8 7-8 The people have a question about weeping (7:1-8) The people have a question about weeping (7:1-8) Rememberance of the people’s unwillingness to repent and God’s severe judgement (7:8-14) Rememberance of the people’s unwillingness to repent and God’s severe judgement (7:8-14) BE STRONG: God is determined to not treat the remnant that way (8:1-19) BE STRONG: God is determined to not treat the remnant that way (8:1-19) Future honor for Jewish people (8:20-23) Future honor for Jewish people (8:20-23) 9-11 9-11 Coming king will replace wicked shepherds and restore Israel (9-10) Coming king will replace wicked shepherds and restore Israel (9-10) Coming shepherd will be rejected and thus give sheep up for slaughter; wicked shepherd will instead be raised up (11) Coming shepherd will be rejected and thus give sheep up for slaughter; wicked shepherd will instead be raised up (11) 12-14 12-14 Israel’s future repentance and cleansing from sin; Yahweh’s deliverance of Jerusalem and judgment upon nations. Israel’s future repentance and cleansing from sin; Yahweh’s deliverance of Jerusalem and judgment upon nations.

13. Zechariah – Purpose To encourage Israel to be strong and do what is right in light of God’s promises and, in addition, the further judgment which must still come. To encourage Israel to be strong and do what is right in light of God’s promises and, in addition, the further judgment which must still come. - Haggai had mentioned the people’s uncleanness, but his future prophecies were wholly encouraging. Zechariah’s early prophesies are as well (1-8), but he also notes that there will be judgment before restoration since the people are not yet cleansed from sin (9- 14) - Haggai had mentioned the people’s uncleanness, but his future prophecies were wholly encouraging. Zechariah’s early prophesies are as well (1-8), but he also notes that there will be judgment before restoration since the people are not yet cleansed from sin (9- 14)

14. Zechariah and Earlier Revelation Branch Branch Zechariah: “I am going to bring in My servant the Branch” (3:8; cf. 4:12; 6:12) Zechariah: “I am going to bring in My servant the Branch” (3:8; cf. 4:12; 6:12) Isaiah: “A shoot will spring from the stem of Jesse, And a branch from his roots will bear fruit” (11:2) Isaiah: “A shoot will spring from the stem of Jesse, And a branch from his roots will bear fruit” (11:2) Jeremiah: “I shall raise up for David a righteous Branch” (23:5) Jeremiah: “I shall raise up for David a righteous Branch” (23:5) Suffering Servant of Isaiah; pierced and rejected shepherd of Zechariah Suffering Servant of Isaiah; pierced and rejected shepherd of Zechariah Note his mention of the “former prophets” (1:4; 7:7, 12) Note his mention of the “former prophets” (1:4; 7:7, 12)

15. Zechariah and the NT 9:9: “Behold, your king is coming…” (Matt 21:5; John 12:15) 9:9: “Behold, your king is coming…” (Matt 21:5; John 12:15) 13:7: “Strike the shepherd that the sheep may be scattered” (Matt 26:31; Mark 14:27) 13:7: “Strike the shepherd that the sheep may be scattered” (Matt 26:31; Mark 14:27) Many allusions to Zechariah in Revelation Many allusions to Zechariah in Revelation

16. Malachi

17. Malachi - Introduction Date: ~ 450 - 430 BC Date: ~ 450 - 430 BC 539: Decree of Cyrus allowing Jews to return 539: Decree of Cyrus allowing Jews to return 516: Temple built 516: Temple built 458: Ezra returns to Jerusalem 458: Ezra returns to Jerusalem 445: Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem 445: Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem Target – Restored Remnant in Jerusalem Target – Restored Remnant in Jerusalem

18. Malachi 722 Fall of Israel 701 Jerusalem Spared 605 First Deportation 597 Second Deportation 586 Fall of Judah Malachi Isaiah Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi Jeremiah Ezekiel 770 Jeroboam II Uzziah 539 Decree of Cyrus 516 Temple Rebuilt 445 Jerusalem Rebuilt

19. Malachi - Structure Yahweh will deliver the righteous, destroy the wicked (1:1-5) Yahweh will deliver the righteous, destroy the wicked (1:1-5) Israel cheats Yahweh in their offerings (1:6-14) Israel cheats Yahweh in their offerings (1:6-14) In past, Levites faithfully served God; now they have turned away (2:1-9) In past, Levites faithfully served God; now they have turned away (2:1-9) Call to stop being faithless (2:10-16) Call to stop being faithless (2:10-16) In future, Yahweh’s messenger will come and purify the Levites (2:17-3:6) In future, Yahweh’s messenger will come and purify the Levites (2:17-3:6) People have robbed Yahweh in their offerings, but God will bless them if they change (3:7-12) People have robbed Yahweh in their offerings, but God will bless them if they change (3:7-12) Yahweh will reward the righteous, destroy the wicked (3:13-4:3) Yahweh will reward the righteous, destroy the wicked (3:13-4:3) Conclusion: The Coming Day of Yahweh (4:4-6) Adapted from Dorsey, Literary Structure of the OT, p. 323

20. Malachi – Purpose To call on the people of Israel to not be faithless in light of God’s coming judgment of the wicked and blessing of the righteous. To call on the people of Israel to not be faithless in light of God’s coming judgment of the wicked and blessing of the righteous. - Haggai mentioned the uncleanness of the people; Zechariah did so as well and also noted that judgment would precede final restoration; Malachi, living decades later, notes Israel’s remaining sin and calls on the people to be faithful to the covenant in light of a FUTURE Day of Yahweh which was coming! - Haggai mentioned the uncleanness of the people; Zechariah did so as well and also noted that judgment would precede final restoration; Malachi, living decades later, notes Israel’s remaining sin and calls on the people to be faithful to the covenant in light of a FUTURE Day of Yahweh which was coming!

21. The Three Post-Exilic Prophets – Haggai – – Zechariah – – Malachi –

22. The Three Post-Exilic Prophets The post-exilic prophets (Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi) are already set apart from the other nine inasmuch as they follow the exile whereas the others precede it. The post-exilic prophets (Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi) are already set apart from the other nine inasmuch as they follow the exile whereas the others precede it. Note the following which also seem to tie them together as a group Note the following which also seem to tie them together as a group Haggai and Malachi both contain six thought-provoking questions/statements (Haggai 1:4, 9; 2:3, 12-13, 16, 19; Malachi 1:2, 6-8; 2:10, 17; 3:8, 13-14) Haggai and Malachi both contain six thought-provoking questions/statements (Haggai 1:4, 9; 2:3, 12-13, 16, 19; Malachi 1:2, 6-8; 2:10, 17; 3:8, 13-14) Haggai speaks to Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people of Israel. Haggai 1-2 ends with the exaltation of Zerubbabel, Zechariah 1-6 with the exaltation of Joshua, and Zechariah 7-8 with the exaltation of the people of Israel. Haggai speaks to Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people of Israel. Haggai 1-2 ends with the exaltation of Zerubbabel, Zechariah 1-6 with the exaltation of Joshua, and Zechariah 7-8 with the exaltation of the people of Israel. Zechariah 9, Zechariah 12, and Malachi 1 are all termed “The burden of the word of Yahweh” Zechariah 9, Zechariah 12, and Malachi 1 are all termed “The burden of the word of Yahweh” “Yahweh of Hosts” “Yahweh of Hosts”

23. “Yahweh of Hosts” ProphetFrequency Hosea0 Joel0 Amos0 Obadiah0 Jonah0 Micah1 Nahum2 Habakkuk1 Zephaniah2 Haggai14 Zechariah53 Malachi24

24. A Tentative Structure Haggai 1-2: Haggai 1-2: Begins with question, call to repentance, obedience (1) Begins with question, call to repentance, obedience (1) Center: Call to be strong, finish temple! (2:4-6) Center: Call to be strong, finish temple! (2:4-6) Ends with coronation ceremony for Zerubbabel (2:20-23) Ends with coronation ceremony for Zerubbabel (2:20-23) Zechariah 1-6 Zechariah 1-6 Begins with question, call to repentance, obedience (1:1-6) Begins with question, call to repentance, obedience (1:1-6) Center: Call to be strong, finish temple! (4:6-10) Center: Call to be strong, finish temple! (4:6-10) Ends with coronation ceremony for Joshua Ends with coronation ceremony for Joshua Zechariah 7-8 Zechariah 7-8 Begins with question, call to repentance, people’s sin! (7) Begins with question, call to repentance, people’s sin! (7) Call to be strong, finish temple! (8:9-17) Call to be strong, finish temple! (8:9-17) Ends with exaltation of people of Israel (8:20-23) Ends with exaltation of people of Israel (8:20-23) Zechariah 9-11 Zechariah 9-11 Begins with “burden of the word of Yahweh” (9:1) Begins with “burden of the word of Yahweh” (9:1) Vision of what is to come from present until Christ’s coming Vision of what is to come from present until Christ’s coming Zechariah 12-14 Zechariah 12-14 Begins with “burden of the word of Yahweh” (12:1) Begins with “burden of the word of Yahweh” (12:1) Vision of what is to come from Christ’s coming until the Millennium Vision of what is to come from Christ’s coming until the Millennium Malachi 1-4:3 Malachi 1-4:3 Begins with “burden of the word of Yahweh” (1:1) Begins with “burden of the word of Yahweh” (1:1) Back to the present: The current sin of the people in light of what is to come Back to the present: The current sin of the people in light of what is to come Malachi 4:4-6: Remember the Law of Moses; prepare for the coming Day! Malachi 4:4-6: Remember the Law of Moses; prepare for the coming Day!

25. The Twelve

26. Prophet ~ Dates (BC) Subject Hosea 755 – 710 Northern Kingdom, Love (Waiting) Joel850? Southern Kingdom, Day of the Lord Amos760 Northern Kingdom, Righteousness Obadiah850? Southern Kingdom, Mercy and Vengeance Jonah760 Northern Kingdom, Mercy and Vengeance Micah 735 – 700 Southern Kingdom, Deliverance Nahum 663 – 612 Southern Kingdom, Mercy and Vengeance Habakkuk609 Southern Kingdom, Righteousness Zephaniah 640 – 610 Southern Kingdom, Day of the Lord Haggai520 Returned Remnant, Encouragement yet still unclean (More waiting!) Zechariah 520 – 480 Malachi 450 – 430

27. …as One In [Isaiah’s] days the sun went backward, and he lengthened the life of the king. By the spirit of might he saw the last things, and comforted those who mourned in Zion. He revealed what was to occur to the end of time, and the hidden things before they came to pass.... [Babylon] made [Jerusalem’s] streets desolate, according to the word of Jeremiah. For they had afflicted him; yet he had been consecrated in the womb as prophet, to pluck up and afflict and destroy, and likewise to build and to plant. It was Ezekiel who saw the vision of glory which God showed him above the chariot of the cherubim. For God remembered his enemies with storm, and did good to those who directed their ways aright. May the bones of the twelve prophets revive from where they lie, for they comforted the people of Jacob and delivered them with confident hope. (Sirach 48:23-25; 49:4c-10 @ ca. 190 BC) The Twelve The Twelve

28. 24 Books of the Hebrew Canon 1 Genesis 2 Exodus 3 Leviticus 4 Numbers 5 Deuteronomy 6 Joshua 7 Judges 8 Ruth 9 Samuel (1) 10 Samuel (2) 11 Kings (1) 12 Kings (2) 13 Chronicles (1) 14 Chronicles (2) 15 Ezra 16 Nehemiah 17 Esther 18 Job 19 Psalms 20 Proverbs 21 Ecclesiastes 22 Song of Solomon 23 Isaiah 24 Jeremiah 25 Lamentations 26 Ezekiel 27 Daniel 28 Hosea 29 Joel 30 Amos 31 Obadiah 32 Jonah 33 Micah 34 Nahum 35 Habakkuk 36 Zephaniah 37 Haggai 38 Zechariah 39 Malachi 28 The Twelve

29. 24 Books of the Hebrew Canon 1 Genesis 2 Exodus 3 Leviticus 4 Numbers 5 Deuteronomy 6 Joshua 7 Judges 8 Ruth 9 Samuel 10 Kings 11 Chronicles 12 Ezra 13 Nehemiah 14 Esther 15 Job 16 Psalms 17 Proverbs 18 Ecclesiastes 19 Song of Solomon 20 Isaiah 21 Jeremiah 22 Lamentations 23 Ezekiel 24 Daniel 25 The Twelve

30. 24 Books of the Hebrew Canon 1 Genesis 2 Exodus 3 Leviticus 4 Numbers 5 Deuteronomy 6 Joshua 7 Judges 8 Ruth 9 Samuel 10 Kings 11 Chronicles 12 Ezra/Nehemiah 13 Esther 14 Job 15 Psalms 16 Proverbs 17 Ecclesiastes 18 Song of Solomon 19 Isaiah 20 Jeremiah 21 Lamentations 22 Ezekiel 23 Daniel 24 The Twelve

31. The Twelve Prophet ~ Dates (BC) Subject Hosea 755 – 710 Northern Kingdom, Love (Waiting) Joel850? Southern Kingdom, Day of the Lord Amos760 Northern Kingdom, Righteousness Obadiah850? Southern Kingdom, Mercy and Vengeance Jonah760 Northern Kingdom, Mercy and Vengeance Micah 735 – 700 Southern Kingdom, Deliverance Nahum 663 – 612 Southern Kingdom, Mercy and Vengeance Habakkuk609 Southern Kingdom, Righteousness Zephaniah 640 – 610 Southern Kingdom, Day of the Lord Haggai520 Returned Remnant, Encouragement yet still unclean (More waiting!) Zechariah 520 – 480 Malachi 450 – 430

32. The Twelve Prophet ~ Dates (BC) Subject Hosea 755 – 710 Northern Kingdom, Love (Waiting) Joel850? Southern Kingdom, Day of the Lord Amos760 Northern Kingdom, Righteousness Obadiah850? Southern Kingdom, Mercy and Vengeance Jonah760 Northern Kingdom, Mercy and Vengeance Micah 735 – 700 Southern Kingdom, Deliverance Nahum 663 – 612 Southern Kingdom, Mercy and Vengeance Habakkuk609 Southern Kingdom, Righteousness Zephaniah 640 – 610 Southern Kingdom, Day of the Lord Haggai520 Returned Remnant, Encouragement yet still unclean (More waiting!) Zechariah 520 – 480 Malachi 450 – 430

33. Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel 722 Fall of Israel 701 Jerusalem Spared 605 First Deportation 597 Second Deportation 586 Fall of Judah “I will deliver you and this city from the hand of the king of Assyria. I will defend this city.” (Isa 38:6) “The time will surely come when everything in your palace, and all that your fathers have stored up until this day, will be carried off to Babylon. Nothing will be left, says the LORD.” (Isa 39:6) Isaiah Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi Jeremiah BEFORE 586 "Behold, I set before you the way of life and the way of death. He who dwells in this city will die by the sword and by famine and by pestilence; but he who goes out and falls away to the Chaldeans who are besieging you will live, and he will have his own life as booty. For I have set My face against this city for harm and not for good," declares the LORD. “It will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will burn it with fire.” (Jer 21:8-10) AFTER 586 “If you will indeed stay in this land, then I will build you up and not tear you down, and I will plant you and not uproot you; for I shall relent concerning the calamity that I have inflicted on you. Do not be afraid of the king of Babylon, whom you are now fearing; do not be afraid of him,” declares the LORD, “for I am with you to save you and deliver you from his hand. I will also show you compassion, so that he will have compassion on you and restore you to your own soil. But if you… AFTER 586 (cont…) …are going to say, ‘We will not stay in this land,’ so as not to listen to the voice of the LORD your God, saying, ‘No, but we will go to the land of Egypt, where we shall not see war or hear the sound of a trumpet or hunger for bread, and we will stay there’; then in that case listen to the word of the LORD, O remnant of Judah. Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, ‘If you really set your mind to enter Egypt, and go in to reside there, then it will… AFTER 586 (cont…) …come about that the sword, which you are afraid of will overtake you there in the land of Egypt; and the famine, about which you are anxious, will follow closely after you there in Egypt; and you will die there. So all the men who set their mind to go to Egypt to reside there will die by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence; and they will have no survivors or refugees from the calamity that I am going to bring on them.’ For thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, ‘As My… AFTER 586 (cont…) …anger and wrath have been poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so My wrath will be poured out on you when you enter Egypt. And you will become a curse, an object of horror, an imprecation, and a reproach; and you will see this place no more.’ The LORD has spoken to you, O remnant of Judah, ‘Do not go into Egypt!’ You should clearly understand that today I have testified against you.” (Jer 42:10-19) “As the wood of the vine among the trees of the forest, which I have given to the fire for fuel, so have I given up the inhabitants of Jerusalem” (Ezek 15:6) “Although I have cast them far off among the Gentiles, and although I have scattered them among the countries, yet I shall be a little sanctuary for them in the countries where they have gone…I will gather you from the peoples, assemble you from the countries where you have been scattered, and I will give you the land of Israel.” (Ezek 11:16-17) Ezekiel

34. Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve 722 Fall of Israel 701 Jerusalem Spared 605 First Deportation 597 Second Deportation 586 Fall of Judah Isaiah Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi Jeremiah Ezekiel

35. 722 Fall of Israel 701 Jerusalem Spared 605 First Deportation 597 Second Deportation 586 Fall of Judah Hosea, Amos, Jonah Isaiah Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi Jeremiah Ezekiel Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Joel, Micah, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi Obadiah 538 Decree of Cyrus 516 Temple Rebuilt 445 Jerusalem Rebuilt Nahum “But as for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, too little to be among the clans of Judah, From you One will go forth for Me to be ruler in Israel. His goings forth are from long ago, from the days of eternity." Therefore, He will give them up until the time When she who is in labor has borne a child. Then the remainder of His brethren Will return to the sons of Israel. And He will arise and shepherd His flock In the strength of the LORD His God. Micah 5:2-4

36. 722 Fall of Israel 701 Jerusalem Spared 605 First Deportation 597 Second Deportation 586 Fall of Judah Hosea, Amos, Jonah Isaiah Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi Jeremiah Ezekiel Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Joel, Micah, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi Obadiah 538 Decree of Cyrus 516 Temple Rebuilt 445 Jerusalem Rebuilt Nahum “Remember the law of Moses My servant, even the statutes and ordinances which I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel. Behold, I am going to send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and terrible day of the LORD” Malachi 4:4-5

37. Canonical Review – Zoomed Out 1) Torah 2) Former Prophets 3) Latter Prophets 4) Writings 5) New Testament Document God’s Choosing of Israel and Preserve their “Constitution” Document God’s repeated acts of mercy and demonstrate His justice in bringing the covenant curses. Demonstrate God’s justice in bringing the covenant curses and provide hope for the future. Encourage and instruct the waiting remnant until the day of restoration. Document God’s Choosing those in the church and Preserve their “Constitution”

38. Next BBI Class NT Survey I