2. Distilling and Purification Plants “Water, water everywhere…”

3. Objectives Comprehend the theory and operation of distilling plants including energy transformations that take place Comprehend the theory and operation of distilling plants including energy transformations that take place Comprehend the different types of distilling plants Comprehend the different types of distilling plants Comprehend the concepts of salinity monitoring and water conservation Comprehend the concepts of salinity monitoring and water conservation

4. “Water, water everywhere… nor any drop to drink.” - Samuel Taylor Coleridge The Ancient Mariner The Ancient Mariner “Wake up Aquaman!” - EM2(SS) Barrow USS Louisville (SSN 724)

5. Fresh Water Uses STEAM PLANT!!! STEAM PLANT!!! Electronics Cooling Electronics Cooling Hotel Services Hotel Services Cooking/Drinking Cooking/Drinking Laundry Laundry (Showers) (Showers) Freshwater Washdown Freshwater Washdown

6. Important Concepts Distillation: seawater freshwater Distillation: seawater freshwater Evaporation Evaporation Condensation Condensation Feed (seawater @ 35,000 ppm Cl - ) Feed (seawater @ 35,000 ppm Cl - ) Distillate (<0.1 ppm Cl - ) Distillate (<0.1 ppm Cl - ) Brine (>35,000 ppm Cl - ) Brine (>35,000 ppm Cl - ) Salinity (salt concentration in H 2 0) Salinity (salt concentration in H 2 0)

7. Distillation Process

8. Distilling Plant Types Flash-Type Flash-Type Vertical Basket Vertical Basket Vapor-Compression Vapor-Compression Reverse-Osmosis Reverse-Osmosis

9. Flash Type Most combatants Most combatants High capacity (12,000 –50,000 GPD) High capacity (12,000 –50,000 GPD) Distillate (<.065 ppm) Distillate (<.065 ppm) 150# Auxiliary Steam 150# Auxiliary Steam Vacuum operation Vacuum operation More efficient More efficient (-) soluble salts (-) soluble salts

10. Flash Type

11. Vertical Basket Submarines Submarines Similar to Flash type Similar to Flash type Med. capacity (8,000 - 10,000 GPD) Med. capacity (8,000 - 10,000 GPD) Low Pressure (Auxiliary) Steam Low Pressure (Auxiliary) Steam

12. Vertical Basket

13. Vapor-Compression Ships without STEAM propulsion Ships without STEAM propulsion Diesels and submarines (as backup) Diesels and submarines (as backup) Low capacity (4000 GPD) Low capacity (4000 GPD) Compresses generated steam using electricity Compresses generated steam using electricity

14. Vapor-Compression

15. Reverse-Osmosis Distillate is <50 ppm Distillate is <50 ppm good enough to drink good enough to drink but not for engineering plant feedwater but not for engineering plant feedwater H 2 O migrates through semi-permeable membrane (salt is blocked) H 2 O migrates through semi-permeable membrane (salt is blocked) High pressure req’s (400 + psia) High pressure req’s (400 + psia) Multi-stage units preferred Multi-stage units preferred

16. Reverse-Osmosis

17. Salinity Monitoring Salinity cells Salinity cells Strategic placement throughout plant Strategic placement throughout plant Continuous remote monitoring of fresh water Continuous remote monitoring of fresh water Auto flow shutoff using solenoid valves Auto flow shutoff using solenoid valves

19. Water Conservation Limited resource Limited resource Standard “Navy shower” Standard “Navy shower” Water hours Water hours

20. Restrictions Chemical Additives Chemical Additives Volatile Content Volatile Content Geographic Restrictions Geographic Restrictions

21. SWO(N)

22. Questions?