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CSE 101 Spring 2000 Hardware (Bits & Bytes)
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Understanding the Machine Data versus Information Data are raw facts Information is the result of transforming/examining raw facts One important function of computers is to transform data into information
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The “Basic” Computer There are 4 basic parts of every computer Input (input device = keyboard, mouse, microphone, etc.) Processor (CPU = PentiumII, etc.) Memory or Storage (64 MB RAM; 6 GB HD, etc) Output (output device = screen, printers, speakers, etc.)
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Harware vs. Software Hardware refers to the physical components of the computer Software refers to programs run on the computer
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Measuring Your Data Bit: The smallest measurement in a computer. A bit is either a 1 or a 0. Byte: A group of 8 bits representing a character or number
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Measuring Your Data Binary Numbers 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 000=0100=4 001=1101=5 010=2110=6 011=3111=7etc.
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Measuring Your Data Binary Letters 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 01000001=A 01000010=B 01000011=C etc...
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Measuring Your Data Kilobyte (KB):1,000 bytes Megabyte (MB):1 million bytes Gigabyte (GB): 1 billion bytes Terabyte (TB):1 Trillion bytes
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Types of Computers Digital Computers Analog Computers Hybrid Computers Special Purpose Computers firmware embeded
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Types of Computers Personal Computers (PC) Often times called microcomputers Minicomputers Mainframes Supercomputer Parallel Computing
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Types of Computers Desktop Laptop Notebook Subnotebook Handheld PC or Palmtop Often Called a PDA
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Input Devices Keyboard Mouse, Trackball, Graphics Tablet, Light Pen Scanner Digital Cameras Microphone
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Output Devices Printers InkJet LaserJet Thermal Plotters Pen InkJet LaserJet
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Output Devices Monitors CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Speakers
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Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent) Floppy Disk 720 KB - Double Sided Double Density 3.5” 1.44MB - High Density 3.5” Zip Disks (IOMEGA) 100 MB 250 MB
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Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent) Hard Drives Vary from very small to 38GB The smallest you can buy on the market today is about 4GB Manufactures include: Western Digital, Seagate, Quantum, and many others IDE vs. SCSI
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Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent) Optical Disks: Hold 650MB CD- ROM CDR CDRW
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RAM Random Access Memory 32 Pin 72 Pin DIMM SDRAM Flash Memory
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ROM Read Only Memory PROM EPROM ROM BIOS Flash BIOS Video RAM (VRAM)
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Processors Intel AMD CYRIX
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Motherboards Slots 8 and 16 bit slots (ISA) 32 Bit Slots (PCI) 64 Bit Slots (AGP) Ports Serial Parallel PS/2 USB
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Video Cards Manufactures Include: Diamond, Trident, Cirrus Logic, Tseng Labs…The list goes on and on. The importance of video memory depends on the application Video Capture Cards (TV Cards)
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Sound Cards Creative Labs is the main manufacturer, but there are many others Sound cards have a wide price range and capability range
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Modems Manufacturers Include: US Robotics, Zoom, Hayes and moany others There are lots of different types of modems. We’ll get into them when we cover the Internet.
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Other Devices Scanners Digital Cameras MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) NICs (Network Interface Cards)
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