1. Marine Birds

2. Only 3% of birds are marine Birds evolved from a group of reptiles All marine birds must return to land to lay their eggs

3. 4 Groups of Marine Birds Albatross / petrels Pelicans Gulls / terns / puffins Penguins

4. General Bird Characteristics Endothermic Lightweight hollow bones –Penguins have dense bones to help them dive Eggs with calcium carbonate shell –Parental care of unhatched eggs and young

5. General Bird Characteristics Feathers attached to skin –Down feathers-small feathers for insulation –Contour feathers- large feathers Various beak shapes depending on prey (no teeth) Various feet structure depending on whether it swims and where it lives

6. Marine Birds- Some Adaptations Preening gland- secretes waxes and fats the bird uses to waterproof feathers Powder downs- special feather that breaks apart into dust that waterproofs its feather Salt glands- concentrate salt in the blood so it can be sneezed out –Birds can drink salt water

7. Interesting Fact Guano- bird droppings –High in nitrogen and phosphorus –Harvested in some places and sold for fertilizer

8. Albatross / petrels Largest flying bird / largest wingspan (11ft) Many regularly circle the globe Tubes along beak ~great sense of smell Feed on crustaceans, squid, fish, zooplankton Some projectile vomit a noxious oil to ward off larger predatory birds

9. Pelicans Pouch under beak is filled with water and strained for food Will eat almost anything (live pigeon?)

10. Gulls Terns and Petrels Near shore aquatic birds Very intelligent and can use tools Not diving birds Medium sized to small

11. Penguins Most aquatic of all seabirds Southern hemisphere only Clumsy on land but very agile in the water Feed on krill, squid and fish

12. Negative Human Interactions Seabirds are often caught accidentally as bycatch Some seabirds are feeding on plastic which looks like food and is found in their feeding grounds 40% of some albatross chicks die from starvation and dehydration- there’s no room in there stomachs with all the plastic that’s in them

15. Marine Mammals