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Fundamentals of Construction
Construction Math Fundamentals of Construction
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Section 1.0.0 Why is math important in construction?
* Provides accurate communication of measurements of materials, tools, and/or equipment
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Section 2.0.0 Whole Numbers: complete numbers w/o decimals or fractions ,724 Non-Whole Numbers: ½
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Section 2.1.0 Parts to Whole Numbers: Digits Units Tens Hundreds
Thousands Ten Thousands Hundred Thousand Millions
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Section 2.1.1 Review Questions p. 2.3
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Section 2.2.0 Adding Whole Numbers 6 + 3 9
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Section 2.2.1 Carrying in Addition 48 + 64 112
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Section 2.2.2 Review Questions p. 2-4
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Section 2.2.2 Problem-Solving (Word Problems)
If a construction company had 14 workers on one job, 18 on another, and 32 on a third job, how many total employees do they have all together?
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Section 2.2.2 14 18 + 32 64 total workers
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Section 2.3.0 Subtracting Whole Numbers: 38 - 24 14
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Section 2.3.1 Review Questions p. 2.5
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Section 2.3.0 Borrowing during subtraction 34 - 28 6
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Section 2.4.0 Multiplying Simple Whole Numbers 4 x 8 32
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Section 2.4.1 Review Questions p. 2.6
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Section 2.4.2 Multiplying Larger Whole Number 75 x 16 420 75_ 1170
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Section 2.4.3 Review Questions p. 2.7
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Section 2.5.0 Dividing Whole Numbers: 10 div by 2 5 2 10 10
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Section 2.5.1 Review Questions p. 2.8
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Section 2.5.2 Dividing More Complex Numbers: 2 8. 7 12 345. 24 10 5 96
24 10 5 96 9 84
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Section 2.5.3 Review Questions p. 2.9
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Section 2.6.0 Using Calculators Addition Section 2.6.2
REVIEW QUESTIONS p. 2.10
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Section 2.6.4 Subtraction Review Questions p. 2.11
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Section 2.6.5 Multiplication Review Questions 2.6.6 p. 2.11
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Section 2.6.7 Division Review Questions Section 2.6.9 p. 2.12
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Section 2 Review #s 1-20 p
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Section 3.0.0 Measurements Divisions of an inch
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Section 3.1.0 Review Questions p. 2.16
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Section 4.0.0 Fractions – value expressed with a numerator and denominator 1 2 Numerator Denominator
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Section 4.1.0 Equivalent fractions – different numerators and denominators but having the same value
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Section 4.1.1 Review Questions p. 2.17
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Section 4.2.0 Reducing to lowest forms
Reduce to lowest terms possible by dividing both the numerator and numerator by the highest number possible
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Section 4.2.0
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Section 4.2.1 Review Questions p. 2-18
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Section 4.3.0 Lowest common denominator
Find lowest number that will EVENLY divide into both denominators
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Section 4.3.0 3 5 Which is larger? or
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Section 4.3.1 Review Questions p. 2-19
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Section 4.4.0 Adding Fractions Find lowest common denominator
Use that denominator Add the numerators Reduce to lowest terms
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Section 4.4.0 3 5
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Section 4.4.1 Review Questions p. 2-20
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Section 4.5.0 Subtracting Fractions
Done same way as addition, except subtract numerators
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Section 4.5.0 3 5
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Section 4.5.1 Review Questions p. 2.20
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Section 4.5.1 Subtracting a fraction from a whole number 5 – ¼ =
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Section 4.5.2 4 4/4 5 - ¼ 4 ¾ 3/4
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Section 4.5.3 Review Questions p. 2-21
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Section 4.6.0 Multiplying Fractions 4 x = 20
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Section 4.6.1 Review Questions p. 2.21
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Section 4.7.0 Dividing Fractions Invert (flip) 2nd fraction
multiply numerator multiply denominator simplify
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4.7.0 = 3 x = = 3
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Section 4.7.1 Review Questions p. 2.22
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Section 4.0.0 Review Questions #s 1-20 p
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Section 5.0.0 Reading metric rule units of tenths
can be written as decimal or fraction
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5.0.0 0.2 0.7 1.0 1.6 2.1 2.7
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5.1.1 Review questions p. 2.25
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Section 5.2.1 Review Questions p. 2.26
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Section 5.3.1 Review Questions p
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Section 5.4.0 Adding / Subtracting Decimals Rule: align decimals
Review questions p. 2.28
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5.4.0 4.561 =
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Section 5.5.0 Multiplying Decimals
Rule: answer must total number of decimal places in answer
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5.5.1 8.2 x 1.26 10332 (count 3 decimal places) =
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5.5.1 Review Questions p
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5.6.0 Dividing decimals if decimal in numerator, keep decimals in line
If decimal in denominator, move until right of units place. Must move same number of places for the numerator.
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5.6.2 Review questions p. 2.30
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5.6.4 Review questions p. 2.30
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5.6.6 Review questions p. 2.31
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5.7.0 Rounding decimals .5 or above, round up
or below, drop off
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5.7.7 Review questions p. 2.31
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5.8.0 Using calculators
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5.8.1 Review questions p. 2.32
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Section 5.0.0 Review Questions #s 1-15 p
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6.0.0 Conversion Processes Decimal Percentages
Percentages Decimals
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6.0.0 decimals percentage = # x 100 percentage decimals = # / 100
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6.1.1 Review questions p. 2.35
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6.2.1 Fractions decimals set up as division problem.
Review questions p. 2.36
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6.3.1 Converting decimals fractions Setup with value over
place value Becomes fraction reduce
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6.4.0 Converting inches decimals
divide inches by 12 and place as decimal Ex. 7” = _?_’ 7/12” = 0.583’
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Section 6.0.0 Review questions #s 1-10 p. 2.37
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Section 7.0.0 WE WILL SKIP!!!!!!
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8.0.0 Angles acute right obtuse straight adjacent opposite
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Shapes Triangles – 180 , equilateral right isosceles scalene
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Squares / Rectangles 4 sides, right angles diagonals 360
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Circles 360 circumference diameter radius
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Pythagorean Theorem a b = c 2 2 2
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Area amount of space a shape takes up
measured in square in (sq in) or ft (sq ft)
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Area A (square) = l x w A (rectangle) = l x w A (circle) = Ii r
A (triangle) = ½bh 2
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Area find area 8’ 14’
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Area 9’ 9’
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Area 9’ 16’
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Area 12’
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8.3.1 Review Questions p. 2.52
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