2. Chapter 4 Atoms and the Periodic Table

3. Design of the Periodic Table

4. Dmitri Mendeleev Designed the Periodic Table

5. G R O U P S ERIODS

6. Elements in the SAME GROUP have SIMILAR PROPERTIES

7. Name 2 elements that have properties similar to those of Fluorine (F)?

8. Cl Br I At

9. Important Groups on the Periodic Table

10. Groups 3-12 Transition Metals

11. Group 17 Halogens

12. Group 18 Noble Gases Do NOT react

13. Elements are made up of atoms

14. Basic Atomic Structure 3 particles 1. Protons 2. Electrons 3. Neutrons

15. Protons (p + ) Positive Found in the Nucleus

16. Electrons (e – ) Negative Found in the electron cloud

17. Neutrons (n 0 ) Neutral Found in the Nucleus

18. Basic Atomic Model Nucleus Protons = p + Neutrons = n 0 Protons = p + Electrons = e -

19. Overall charge of an Atom? Neutral protons always equal electrons

21. Atomic Number Identifies the element Indicates the number of protons

22. Atomic Mass The decimal point number (28.09)

23. Mass Number Rounded whole number (28.09 = 28)

24. Rounding Rules Look at the tenths position

25. 1 4 8.0 2 6 Hundreds tens ones tenths hundredths thousandths

26. 5 and UP Round UP 4 or lower STAYS THE SAME

27. Rounding 4.01 7.42 11.74 22.80 4 7 12 23

28. Determining P E N

29. Protons (p + ) the Atomic number

30. Electrons (e-) The SAME Number as PROTONS p + = e -

31. Neutrons (n 0 ) FIRST ROUND the Decimal Number then SUBTRACT the Whole Number

32. Example

33. Atomic Number Atomic Mass Mass Number 18 39.95 40

34. P E N 18 (Atomic Number) 18 (p + = e - ) 40 22 - 18 22

35. Atomic # = 1 Atomic Mass = 1.007 Mass # = 1 1 H 1.oo7 P = 1 E = 1 N= 0 1 0

36. 2 He 4.002 P = 2 E= 2 N= 2 4 -2 2 Atomic # = 2 Atomic Mass = 4.002 Mass # = 4

37. Atomic # = 3 Atomic Mass = 6.94 Mass # = 7 3 Li 6.94 P= 3 E= 3 N= 4 7 -3 4

38. Atomic # = 4 Atomic Mass = 9.01 Mass # = 9 4 Be 9.01 P = 4 E = 4 N = 5 9 -4 5

39. Atomic # = 5 Atomic Mass = 10.81 Mass # = 11 5 B 10.81 P = 5 E = 5 N = 6 11 -5 6

40. Atomic # = 6 Atomic Mass = 12.01 Mass # = 12 6 C 12.01 P =6 E= 6 N= 6 12 -6 6

41. Atomic # = 7 Atomic Mass = 14.06 Mass # = 14 7 N 14.06 P = 7 E = 7 N = 7 14 -7 7

42. Atomic # = 8 Atomic Mass = 15.99 Mass # = 16 8 O 15.99 P= 8 E= 8 N= 8 16 - 8 8

43. Atomic # = 9 Atomic Mass = 18.99 Mass # = 19 9 F 18.99 P= 9 E= 9 N= 10 19 - 9 10

44. Atomic # = 10 Atomic Mass = 20.17 Mass # = 20 10 Ne 20.17 P= 10 E= 10 N= 10 20 - 10 10

45. Drawing an Atom

46. Electrons exist in energy levels (orbitals) the cloud

47. Energy Level Number of Electrons it Holds FIRST2 SECOND8 THIRD18

48. How many Levels? PERIOD = Energy Level

49. Atomic # = 1 Atomic Mass = 1.007 Mass # = 1 1 H 1.oo7 P = 1 E = 1 N= 0 1 0

50. ) 1 H Nucleus P=1 N=0

51. 2 He 4.002 P = 2 E= 2 N= 2 4 -2 2 Atomic # = 2 Atomic Mass = 4.002 Mass # = 4

52. ) 2 He Nucleus P=2 N=2

53. Atomic # = 3 Atomic Mass = 6.94 Mass # = 7 3 Li 6.94 P= 3 E= 3 N= 4 7 -3 4

54. ) ) 2 1 Li Nucleus P=3 N=4

55. Atomic # = 4 Atomic Mass = 9.0122 Mass # = 9 4 Be 9.0122 P = 4 E = 4 N = 5 9 -4 5

56. ) ) 2 2 Be Nucleus P=4 N=5

57. Atomic # = 5 Atomic Mass = 10.81 Mass # = 11 5 B 10.81 P = 5 E = 5 N = 6 11 -5 6

58. ) ) 2 3 B Nucleus P=5 N=6

59. Atomic # = 6 Atomic Mass = 12.01 Mass # = 12 6 C 12.01 P =6 E= 6 N= 6 12 -6 6

60. ) ) 2 4 C Nucleus P=6 N=6

61. Atomic # = 7 Atomic Mass = 14.007 Mass # = 14 7 N 14.007 P = 7 E = 7 N = 7 14 -7 7

62. ) ) 2 5 N Nucleus P=7 N=7

63. Atomic # = 8 Atomic Mass = 15.99 Mass # = 16 8 O 15.99 P= 8 E= 8 N= 8 16 - 8 8

64. ) ) 2 6 O Nucleus P=8 N=8

65. Atomic # = 9 Atomic Mass = 18.99 Mass # = 19 9 F 18.99 P= 9 E= 9 N= 10 19 - 9 10

66. ) ) 2 7 F Nucleus P=9 N=10

67. Atomic # = 10 Atomic Mass = 20.17 Mass # = 20 10 Ne 20.17 P= 10 E= 10 N= 10 20 - 10 10

68. ) ) 2 8 Ne Nucleus P=10 N=10

69. Atomic # = 13 Atomic Mass = 26.982 Mass # = 27 13 Al 26.982 P= 13 E= 13 N= 14 27 - 13 14

70. ) ) ) 2 8 3 Al Nucleus P=13 N=14

71. Atomic # = 16 Atomic Mass = 32.06 Mass # = 32 16 S 32.06 P= 16 E= 16 N= 16 32 - 16 16

72. ) ) ) 2 8 6 S Nucleus P=16 N=16

73. Atomic # = 17 Atomic Mass = 35.45 Mass # = 17 17 Cl 35.45 P= 17 E= 17 N= 18 35 - 17 18

74. ) ) ) 2 8 7 Cl Nucleus P=17 N=18

75. Design of the Periodic Table

76. Dmitri Mendeleev Designed the Periodic Table

77. G R O U P S ERIODS

78. Elements in the SAME GROUP have SIMILAR PROPERTIES

79. Name 2 elements that have properties similar to those of Fluorine (F)?

80. Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine

81. Nonmetal Metal Metalloid

82. Metals Located to the LEFT of the Zig-zag line

83. Nonmetals Located to the right of the zig-zag line

84. Metalloids Located along both sides of the zig-zag properties of both metals and nonmetals

85. The farther away an element is from the zig-zag line the MORE REACTIVE the element

86. Zinc or Sodium Chlorine or Aluminum Magnesium or Iron

87. Group 18 (Noble Gases) DO NOT REACT

89. Isotopes Atoms of the SAME element with different numbers of NEUTRONS Ex: 35 Cl 37 Cl

90. IsotopeP+P+ n0n0 Mass # 35 Cl17 18 35 37 Cl17 20 37 E - 17

91. The most common isotope of an element is the mass number on the periodic table

92. 12 C 13 C 14 C 12 C is the most common isotope

93. 1 H 2 H 3 H 1 H is the most common isotope

94. 4 Energy Levels (8/2 Jump Rule)

95. Fill energy levels one and two to their max. Fill the 3 rd energy level with 8 Electrons Fill the 4 th with 2 electrons

96. Jump back down to the 3 rd level and continuing filling until it is maxed out

97. 5th energy level…

98. Max out all the energy levels up to the last two energy levels and do the 8/2 jump rule

99. When doing the 8/2 jump rule the energy level that receives 8 will never hold above 18

100. 6 th and 7 th Energy Levels 18/8/2 Rule

101. Max out all energy levels except the last three Do the 18/8/2 rule

102. 18/8/2 Jump down to 18 and fill up to 32 electrons Jump up to the 8 and fill up to 18 Jump up to the 2 and put in the leftovers

103. Name 2 elements that have properties similar to those of Sodium (Na)?

104. Lithium (Li) Potassium (K) Rubidium (Rb) Cesium (Cs) Francium (Fr)

105. Name 2 elements that have properties similar to those of Calcium (Ca)?

106. Beryllium (Be) Magnesium (Mg) Strontium (Sr) Barium (Ba) Radium (Ra)

107. Physical Properties of metals Luster (shininess) Conductors of heat and electricity

108. Ductile (can be made into thin wires) Malleable (can be hammered into sheets)

109. Physical Properties of nonmetals Dull (no luster) Do not conduct heat and electricity Not ductile Not malleable

110. Group 1 (Alkali Metals) The MOST REACTIVE group

111. Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

112. Groups 3 -12 Transition Metals

113. Group 17 The Halogens