2. Ethnomusicology Music from Other Cultures

3. Phonograph First device capable of recording and playing sound. First device capable of recording and playing sound. Invented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1877. Invented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1877. Made music from around the world easily accessible to everyone. Made music from around the world easily accessible to everyone.

4. Phonograph Original tinfoil medium Phonograph, 1877

5. Phonograph Edison Home Phonograph, c. 1896

6. Phonograph Edison Standard Phonograph, c. 1898

7. Phonograph

8. Phonograph Edison Record Catalog, 1903

9. Phonograph Edison Record Catalog, 1911

10. Ethnomusicologist- a person who studies the music of many different cultures. Ethnomusicologist- a person who studies the music of many different cultures. Empathy- the ability to look at the world from another person’s perspective or “stand in someone else’s shoes.” Empathy- the ability to look at the world from another person’s perspective or “stand in someone else’s shoes.”

11. Oriental & Occidental Oriental- Asian or Eastern (China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, etc.). Oriental- Asian or Eastern (China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, etc.). Occidental- Western European (UK, France, Germany, Spain, Scandinavia, etc.). Descended from Roman Empire and immediate outlying “barbarian” tribes. Occidental- Western European (UK, France, Germany, Spain, Scandinavia, etc.). Descended from Roman Empire and immediate outlying “barbarian” tribes. Relatively unfamiliar cultural elements between hemispheres as these cultures developed in relative isolation from each other until the 1400s. Relatively unfamiliar cultural elements between hemispheres as these cultures developed in relative isolation from each other until the 1400s.

12. Progression of Economies Hunter/Gatherer- people obtain food by hunting (meat) and gathering (vegetables). Requires nomadic lifestyle as groups move from one food source to another. Simple housing and few material possessions. Dawn of man (c. 2 mya) to mesolithic (c. 10,000 ya). Hunter/Gatherer- people obtain food by hunting (meat) and gathering (vegetables). Requires nomadic lifestyle as groups move from one food source to another. Simple housing and few material possessions. Dawn of man (c. 2 mya) to mesolithic (c. 10,000 ya).

13. Progression of Economies Pastoral- domestication of animals for food, clothing, and defense. Mesolithic (c. 10,000-3000 ya). Wealth measured in possession of livestock. Still nomadic, leading herds to good pasture and limiting possessions and housing. Pastoral- domestication of animals for food, clothing, and defense. Mesolithic (c. 10,000-3000 ya). Wealth measured in possession of livestock. Still nomadic, leading herds to good pasture and limiting possessions and housing.

14. Progression of Economies Agricultural- Farming (c. 3500 ya to present). Development of agriculture depended on irrigation and a steady water supply (rivers), so the earliest civilizations developed along river valleys. The ability to feed a large population in place allowed increased possessions and better housing and required a military defense. Allows specialization of labor and trade. Agricultural- Farming (c. 3500 ya to present). Development of agriculture depended on irrigation and a steady water supply (rivers), so the earliest civilizations developed along river valleys. The ability to feed a large population in place allowed increased possessions and better housing and required a military defense. Allows specialization of labor and trade.

15. Progression of Economies Industrial- c. 1800 to present. Economy based on mass production and trade of goods. Industrial- c. 1800 to present. Economy based on mass production and trade of goods. Information/Technological?- present. Economy based on trade of information. Information/Technological?- present. Economy based on trade of information.

16. Music from Cameroon

20. Yaounde, Cameroon

21. Douala, Cameroon

22. Kribi Beach, Cameroon

23. Mandara Mountain Village

24. Waza Preserve

25. Bamileke Country “The Chutes” Waterfalls

26. Music from Cameroon Funeral Procession in the Atlantika Mountains

27. Lali Music of the Bamileke Warrior dance. Warrior dance. Serves preparatory and celebratory purposes. Serves preparatory and celebratory purposes. Express bravery, virility, and brotherhood. Express bravery, virility, and brotherhood. Prohibited during colonial period as it represented a threat to European colonists. Prohibited during colonial period as it represented a threat to European colonists.

28. Lali Perceptive Listening Identify means. Identify means. How many musicians? How many musicians? What instruments or what kinds of instruments? What instruments or what kinds of instruments? All instruments belong to what family? All instruments belong to what family?

29. Music of Mexico

30. Large country with many regions and a variety of local cultures. Large country with many regions and a variety of local cultures. Largely mountainous. Largely mountainous. Half of work force engaged in agriculture. Half of work force engaged in agriculture. Growing industrial and commercial sectors. Growing industrial and commercial sectors. Coastal areas have become a favorite tourist destination. Coastal areas have become a favorite tourist destination.

31. Major Cultural Influences 1. Native- The Aztec capital of Tenoctitlan was at present Mexico City. Many other native groups, some vassal states to the Aztecs, also occupied the area of present Mexico.

32. Major Cultural Influences 2. Spanish- Conquistadors under Hernan Cortes arrived in 1519, eventually conquered the Aztecs under Montezuma, and took their gold. Spanish colonization introduced a rich European musical heritage.

33. Major Cultural Influences 3. African- The Spanish imported African slaves to work their colonial plantations. 4. Caribbean- The culture of these islands, itself a combination of Spanish, African, and native elements, influenced Mexico through immigration and slave trade.

34. Mestizo Literally “mixture,” in this case referring to culture. Literally “mixture,” in this case referring to culture. Cross fertizilation and blending of Spanish, Indian (native), and African cultures in Mexico. Cross fertizilation and blending of Spanish, Indian (native), and African cultures in Mexico.

35. Music of Mexico

38. Veracruz Fort San Juan de Ulua

39. Veracruz Zocalo MarketZocalo Square

40. Music of Veracruz Sones Jarochos- traditional songs of Veracruz. Sones Jarochos- traditional songs of Veracruz. Typically performed on four instruments: Typically performed on four instruments: 1. Arpon- 35- string harp, melody and bass. 2. Requinto Jarocho- 4-string guitar, melody.

41. Music of Veracruz Sones Jarochos Instrumentation (continued): Sones Jarochos Instrumentation (continued): 3. Jarana- thin guitar. 4. Spanish Guitar- traditional 6-string.

42. Hear the Rhythm

43. Music of Mexico

45. Jalisco

46. Puerto Vallarta Beach

47. Puerto Vallarta Landmark Cathedral Malecon

48. Guadalajara Mariachi Ensemble Mariachi Festival Parade

49. Music of Jalisco Mariachi- ensemble employed for a variety of styles. Instrumentation includes several violins, two trumpets, guitarron (bass guitar), vihuela (short 5-string rhythm guitar), and Spanish Guitar (traditional 6-string). Mariachi- ensemble employed for a variety of styles. Instrumentation includes several violins, two trumpets, guitarron (bass guitar), vihuela (short 5-string rhythm guitar), and Spanish Guitar (traditional 6-string).

50. Music of Jalisco Son Jalisciense- literally “song from Jalisco.” Son Jalisciense- literally “song from Jalisco.” Cancion Ranchera- literally “country song.” Cancion Ranchera- literally “country song.”

51. La Negra One of the best known of the Sones Jalisciense. One of the best known of the Sones Jalisciense. Example of polymeter, as accents among the six beat measure shift to arrange them in two groups of three then three groups of two. Example of polymeter, as accents among the six beat measure shift to arrange them in two groups of three then three groups of two.

52. La Negra

53. Music from China

56. Shanghai

57. Beijing (Peking)

58. The Forbidden City Beijing

59. Golden Water Bridges

60. The Forbidden City Beijing Gate of the Celestial Guardians

61. The Forbidden City Beijing Five Dragon Pavilions

62. Temple of Heaven Double Ring Pavilion

63. The Great Wall

64. Peking (Beijing) Opera Origins uncertain. Dated from 600 to 6000 years ago. Origins uncertain. Dated from 600 to 6000 years ago. Chinese opera performed in a wide variety of regional and local styles. Chinese opera performed in a wide variety of regional and local styles. Combination of some of these styles in Peking from 17 th century. Combination of some of these styles in Peking from 17 th century. Combines orchestral music, singing, acrobatic martial arts, and pantomime. Combines orchestral music, singing, acrobatic martial arts, and pantomime.

65. Peking Opera Characters

66. Lao Sheng Xiao Sheng Wu Sheng

67. The Story of White Snake

73. Instruments Employed in Peking Opera Jinghu- small, two- stringed bowed lute, accompanies male roles. Jinghu- small, two- stringed bowed lute, accompanies male roles.

74. Instruments Employed in Peking Opera Jing Erhu- larger version of jinghu, accompanies female roles. Jing Erhu- larger version of jinghu, accompanies female roles.

75. Instruments Employed in Peking Opera Yueqin- round plucked lute, accompanies male and female roles. Yueqin- round plucked lute, accompanies male and female roles.

76. Instruments Employed in Peking Opera Yangqin- hammered dulcimer. Yangqin- hammered dulcimer.

77. Instruments Employed in Peking Opera Ruan- plucked lute. Ruan- plucked lute.

78. Instruments Employed in Peking Opera Pipa- pear-shaped lute. Pipa- pear-shaped lute.

79. Operatic Vocal Technique Western (European) Opera- lower range, voice resonates in chest. Western (European) Opera- lower range, voice resonates in chest. Peking Opera- generally higher range, voice resonates in head cavities, producing the characteristic “shrill tonal quality” (to Western listeners). Peking Opera- generally higher range, voice resonates in head cavities, producing the characteristic “shrill tonal quality” (to Western listeners).

80. Chapter 2 Test Review 1. Which of Thomas Edison’s inventions was most beneficial to the music world? 2. Ethnomusicologist- 3. The ability to look at the world from another person’s perspective or to “stand in someone else’s shoes” is called _____________.

81. Chapter 2 Test Review 4. Where is Cameroon? 5. Lali- 6. Mestizo- 7. Sones Jarochos- 8. Guitarron-

82. Chapter 2 Test Review 9. The Story of White Snake is a well- known _______________. 10. Briefly compare Western and Peking operatic vocal techniques. 11. Hunter/Gatherer- 12. Pastoral- 13. Agricultural 14. Industrial 15. Information/Technological-

83. Chapter 2 Test Review 16. Abraham measures his wealth in livestock. He is a member of a ___________ society. 17. Joseph measures his wealth in fine art and other possessions and lives in a permanent house. Although there are artisans, craftsman, and trade, there is no large scale manufacturing. He is a member of an __________ society.

84. Chapter 2 Test Review 18. Adam must hunt animals or gather vegetables to eat. He doesn’t farm, but is an expert on the forest, knowing just when certain foods are available in which parts of his territory. He is a ___________. 19. Henry’s society depends on large- scale manufacture of goods for trade, such as automobiles. He works in a factory. He lives in an ____________ society.

85. Chapter 2 Test Review 20. Billionaire Bill has earned his billions selling “1”s and “0”s arranged in very particular orders. He calls these packages “programs” or “applications” which control machines. He is a member of an ________________ society.

86. Chapter 2 Test Review  Listening: 1. Lali- warrior dance of the Bamileke. Cameroon. 2. La Bamba- Son Jarochos. Veracruz. 3. La Negra- Son Jaliscience. Jalisco. 4. The Story of White Snake- Peking Opera. China.

87. Listening Test Ethnomusicology

88. Ethnomusicology Music from Other Cultures