1. LEDs - the future? The Museum Space of the Future V&A Museum 9th December 2010

2. Introduction part 1 - who is dha design? part 2 - what are LEDs? part 3 - what can we use LEDs for? part 4 - whither the future? LED: The future?

3. part 1 - who is dha design? LED: The future?

4. david hersey adam grater cats volcano show at the mirage, las vegas

5. treasure island, las vegasbellagio, las vegas emirates palace hotel, abu dhabiwynn macau casino, macau wynn encore, macau

6. hancock, great north museum, newcastle medieval & renaissance galleries, v&a museum, london the book of the dead, british museum, london richard & judith bollinger jewellery gallery, v&a museum, london

7. part 2 - what are LEDs? LED: The future?

8. Typical LED replacement lamp - 38 diodes in one package Haitz’s law - light output increases exponentially electroluminescence discovered in 1907 first infra-red LED developed in 1961 first visible (red) LED developed in 1962. until 1968, LEDs cost upward of $200 per unit. first high-powered blue LED in 1990s. blue LED can excite phosphor to produce white light.

9. Inner workings of an LED (drawing by S-Kei) Effect on life of Luxeon T2 LED by temperature (graph by Luxeon Inc.) an LED is a semi-conductor device, also referred to as a solid-state device. when electron meets a hole, a photon is emitted. colour of light is determined by material. less wear-and-tear makes devices extremely long-lived. heat is primary cause of early LED failure.

10. an LED cannot make white light, but only a narrow part of spectrum. we can combine the colour of several LEDs for RGB or additive mixing or a high-output short wavelength LED to excite a phosphor coating RGB LEDs can be tuned to give white at the expense of colour stability. remote phosphor LEDs become physically larger for higher outputs. high output LEDs need considerable thermal management RGB LEDs combine to produce white light. Remote phosphor LED uses multiple LEDs and a single emission plate to create white light

11. Xicato XLM Module - up to 2200 lumens at 700mA Xicato - phosphor coated technology Efficacy Luminous Flux Av Rated Lamp Life Xicato XSM @ 700mA 3000K 46 lumens / W 1,000 lumens 50,000 hours Xicato XLM @ 700mA 3000K 52 lumens / W 2,200 lumens 50,000 hours Osram 20W HCI-TC Powerball 85 lumens / W 1,700 lumens 12,000 hours 71mm x 15mm optical window plug in connections

12. colour rendering - how measured? what is the lamp life, how is it measured? how easy is it to replace the LED module? how can we control the output? what guarantee will the manufacturer give to produce replacement fixtures in the future? will the LED module be obsolete in the near future?

13. part 3 - how can we use LEDs? LED: The future?

14. project #1 - Medieval & Renaissance Galleries, V&A Museum LED: The future?

24. project #2 - Extraordinary Heroes, Lord Ashcroft Gallery, Imperial War Museum LED: The future?

33. project #3 - Atmosphere, Science Museum, London LED: The future?

40. part 4 - the future of LED? LED: The future?

41. extract - ‘Guidelines for specification of LED Lighting Products 2010’ (8pp).

42. extract - ‘LumeLEX 2000 Series Reliability Datasheet IS-0112~’ (13pp.)

43. Daily Mail article, 25th October 2010: ‘Seeing the cut price light’. Ryness Electrical replacement GU10 downlight supplies 340 lumens. typical 50W dichroic supplies 800 lumens. replacing standard downlight with suggested lamp would reduce light output by 58% replacing one lamp would save 86% energy. however 2.4 new lamps would be needed. replace halogen with IRC technology & energy saving drops to 52%. energy saving is only part of the picture payback time rises to 5 years. Typical GU10 filament lamp Suggested LED lamp for GU10 replacement