1. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.1

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3. 3 Growth –Physical changes in the body Height Weight Motor sensory adaptation Development of sex organs

4. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.4 Development –Increase in mental, emotional, and social capabilities Intellectual (cognitive) ability Variety in expression of emotions Ability to cope with complex situations Social and interpersonal skills

5. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.5 Key Terms Physical –Growth of the body Psychosocial –Psychological and social development Cognitive –Intellectual processes

6. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.6 Key Concepts Human needs vary throughout lifespan Generalizations help, but they are not absolutes Consider each patient as a unique individual

7. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.7 Life Stages Time frames for studying growth and development Start at conception and end with death Certain changes and needs characterize each stage

8. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.8 Erik Erikson 1950 - Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development –Do not include physical aspects –Conflicts encountered in each stage –Resolving these conflicts advances person to next stage

9. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.9 Erik Erikson Psychosocial development can be delayed if conflict not resolved Process in continuous over a lifespan Stress can cause regression to an earlier stage

10. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.10 Prenatal Conception to birth Zygote Embryo stage Fetus Rapid physical growth No psychosocial stage

11. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.11 Infancy Birth to 1-year Neonate Infant Physical growth Cognitive skills Trust versus mistrust

12. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.12 Toddler 1 to 3 years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Autonomy versus shame and doubt

13. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.13 Preschooler 3 to 6 years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Initiative versus guilt

14. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.14 School-Age Child 6 to 12 years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Industry versus inferiority

15. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.15 Adolescence 12-20 years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Identity vs. role confusion

16. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.16 Young Adulthood 20s and 30s Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Intimacy versus isolation

17. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.17 Middle Adulthood 40 to 65 years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Generativity versus stagnation Chronic illness more likely to appear

18. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.18 Later Adulthood Young-old –65 to 74 years Middle-old –75 to 84 years Old-old –85 years to death

19. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.19 Later Adulthood Old-old is also called frail elderly Future trends in viewing and caring for later adulthood patients

20. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.20 Later Adulthood Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Ego integrity versus despair

21. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.21 Care Considerations Do not assume Do not stereotype Each stage has different care needs All need respect, compassion, and empathy

22. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.22 Death and Dying Terminal illness Natural process –Last stage of human development Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Need for open communications Life review

23. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.23 Stages of Dying Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance