2. Wales Geography--- close to England Economy--- 1.Coal mining 2.foreign investment History--- 1.has its only language 2. Not colonized by Anglo-Saxons 3.Conquered by Edward I--- Prince of Wales

3. 4. National heroes: Llywelyn and Glyndwr 5.Joined the UK legally in 1536 closer ties with England 38 MPs

4. Northern Ireland Geography Capital “Giant’s Causeway” Cultural achievements Economy

5. The Troubles of NI 1.Ireland’s Desire for Home-rule * reasons: ethnic & religious * The Easter Rising of 1916 * the IRA and the Sinn Fein 3.Partition of Ireland in 1921 4. conflicts in Northern Ireland continued between the “Republicans” and the “Unionists”

6. 5. The Civil Rights Movement 6. British soldiers’ presence 7. IRA’s violence in 1970s 8. The “Bloody Sunday” 9. Collapse of the “power-sharing” organism 10. Britain’s Direct rule 11.The “Downing street Declaration”

7. Analysis of the trouble The Four parts and their positions 1. The Republicans(Catholics) --- want to break up with U.K and join the South to form an ethnic Irish country --- Fight against protestants,U.K and Irish government Political party---Sinn Fein Military force—IRA

8. 2. The Unionists(Loyalists,protestants) --- Be loyal to Britain and favor to stay within the U.K --- dominate Northern Ireland’s government ---fight against the IRA and Catholics --- do not trust the Irish government 3. British government ---try to maintain its rule over Northern Ireland ---try to make peace

9. 4. The Irish government ---Care for the Catholics in NI ---Conflict with the IRA and Sinn Fein