1. Inflammation

2. Inflammation definition

3. Inflammation – what for?

4. Regeneration, scarring

5. The inflammatory response consists of two main components: - vascular reaction - cellular reaction

6. Cells included in inflammatory reaction

7. Neutrophils

8. Macrophages

9. Lymphocytes

10. Plasma cells

11. Eosinophils

12. Inflammation –nomenclature

13. Inflammation is divided into: -acute inflammation -chronic inflammation

14. Acute inflammation

15. Acute inflammation Major components:

16. Acute inflammation Causes

17. Acute inflammation-vascular changes

18. Acute inflammation A hallmark of acute inflammation is increased vascular permeability leading to the escape of protein-rich fluid (exudate) into the extravascular tissue. A marked outflow of fluid and its accumulation in the interstitial tissue results in edema (inflammatory edema).

19. Acute inflammation – cellular reaction

20. Acute inflammation

21. Acute inflammation – phagocytosis

22. Acute inflammation Remember! During phagocytosis leukocytes release microbicidal and other products (lysosomal enzymes,prostaglandins and others) into the extracelular space. These products are capable of causing endothelial injury and tissue damage and may thus amplify the effects of the initial injurious agent. Thus, if persistent and unchecked, the leukocyte infiltrate itself becomes the offender. Leukocyte-dependent tissue injury underlies many acute and chronic human diseases.

23. Acute inflammation – outcomes 1.

24. Acute inflammation – outcomes 2.

25. Acute inflammation – outcomes 3.

26. Acute inflammation – outcomes 4.

27. Morphologic patterns of inflammation.

28. Morphologic patterns of inflammation. 1. Exudative inflammation 2. Destructive inflammation 3. Proliferative inflammation

29. Exudative inflammation

30. Exudative inflammation subtypes

31. Serous inflammation

32. Serous inflammation When serous inflammation affects mucinous membrane, the exudate is a mixture of fluid and mucus. It is sometimes called catharrh (from Latin word catarrhus). Example: rhinitis („running nose”).

33. Fibrinous inflammation

34. Ulcer

35. Purulent inflammation

36. Purulent inflammation –circumscribed.

37. Purulent inflammation – diffused Pyorrhea – purulent superficial inflammation of mucous or serous membrane. Phlegmon – deep inflammation of soft tissue (eg. subcutaneous tissue).

38. Purulent inflammation – gangrene.

39. Hemorhagic inflammation

40. Destructive inflammation

41. Proliferative inflammation

42. Chronic inflammation

43. Chronic inflammation – causes

44. Chronic inflammation – characteristic features

45. Acute versus chronic inflammation

47. Granulomatous inflammation 1

48. Granulomatous inflammation 2

49. Granulomatous inflammation 3

50. Granulomatous inflammation 4

51. Granulomatous inflammation 5

52. Granulomatous inflammation Epithelioid cell

53. Granulomatous inflammation Langhans-type giant cell

54. Granulomatous inflammation Granulomas