1. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Chapter 14 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

2. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley This lecture will help you understand: Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Functional Groups Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Amines Ketones, Aldehydes, Amides, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters Polymers

3. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry A branch of chemistry involving the study of carbon-containing chemical compounds.

4. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley 100,000 new ones each year Organic Chemistry Organic Compound: A carbon containing chemical compound natural synthetic Over 13 million known!

5. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry Why is carbon so special?

6. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry Why is carbon so special? Carbon atoms connect with one another through strong and stable covalent bonds.

7. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry CCC C C C NNN N N N OOO O O O SS S SS

8. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry CCC C C C NNN N N N OOO O O O SS S SS 347 kJ/mol

9. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry CCC C C C NNN N N N OOO O O O SS S SS 347 kJ/mol 159 kJ/mol

10. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry CCC C C C NNN N N N OOO O O O SS S SS 347 kJ/mol 159 kJ/mol 138 kJ/mol

11. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry CCC C C C NNN N N N OOO O O O SS S SS 347 kJ/mol 159 kJ/mol 138 kJ/mol 226 kJ/mol

12. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry S S S S S S S S Sulfur, S 8

13. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry S S S S S S S S Sulfur, S 8 More atoms of the same element bound together like this is rare…

14. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry S S S S S S S S Sulfur, S 8 More atoms of the same element bound together like this is rare… …for every element except carbon….

15. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Diamond

16. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry Why is carbon so special? Carbon atoms connect with one another through strong and stable covalent bonds. Carbon atoms also readily form bonds with many other types of atoms. This provides for a near infinite number of different kinds of organic compounds.

17. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Organic Chemistry To appreciate organic chemistry, please minimize memorization…

18. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon: A chemical compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.

19. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons

20. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons Structural isomer: Molecules having the same molecular formula but different structures.

21. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons Structural isomer: Molecules having the same molecular formula but different structures. “configurations”

22. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons Structural isomer: Molecules having the same molecular formula but different configurations. Configuration: The specific way in which the atoms of a molecule are connected to one another.

23. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons Structural isomer: Molecules having the same molecular formula but different configurations. Configuration: The specific way in which the atoms of a molecule are connected to one another. “Configuration” = “Connectivity”

24. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley C 7 H 16 C 8 H 18 C 10 H 22 C 20 H 42 C 6 H 14 C 5 H 12 9 18 75 366,319 5 3 Formula Number of possible isomers

25. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons Conformation: The spatial orientation of a single configuration.

26. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons Conformation: The spatial orientation of a single configuration. Rotate this bond

27. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons Conformation: The spatial orientation of a single configuration.

28. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons Conformation: The spatial orientation of a single configuration. Like pivoting your arm at the elbow

29. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons Conformation: The spatial orientation of a single configuration. These are two “conformations” of the same configuration.

30. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley What is the chemical formula for the following structure? Hydrocarbons CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR A.C 3 H 8 B.C 4 H 10 C.C 5 H 12 D.C 6 H 14

31. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley What is the chemical formula for the following structure? Hydrocarbons CHECK YOUR ANSWER A.C 3 H 8 B.C 4 H 10 C.C 5 H 12 D.C 6 H 14

32. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley What is the chemical formula for the following structure? Hydrocarbons CHECK YOUR ANSWER A.C 3 H 8 B.C 4 H 10 C.C 5 H 12 D.C 6 H 14 c c c c c

33. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley What is the chemical formula for the following structure? Hydrocarbons CHECK YOUR ANSWER A.C 3 H 8 B.C 4 H 10 C.C 5 H 12 D.C 6 H 14 c c c c c H H H HH H H H H H H H

34. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley What is the chemical formula for the following structure? Hydrocarbons CHECK YOUR ANSWER A.C 3 H 8 B.C 4 H 10 C.C 5 H 12 D.C 6 H 14 c c c c c H H H HH H H H H H H H

35. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hydrocarbons

36. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Carbon always forms four bonds.

37. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Carbon always forms four bonds.

38. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Carbon always forms four bonds. Some of these bonds, however, may be within multiple bonds.

39. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Carbon always forms four bonds. Some of these bonds, however, may be within multiple bonds.

40. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbon: A hydrocarbon containing one or more multiple bonds.

41. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbon: A hydrocarbon containing one or more multiple bonds. A special case of an unsaturated hydrocarbon is the benzene ring.

42. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbon: A hydrocarbon containing one or more multiple bonds. A special case of an unsaturated hydrocarbon is the benzene ring.

43. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbon: A hydrocarbon containing one or more multiple bonds. A special case of an unsaturated hydrocarbon is the benzene ring.

44. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR What is the chemical formula for the following structure? A.C 5 H 10 B.C 5 H 12 C.C 6 H 12 D.C 6 H 14

45. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons CHECK YOUR ANSWER What is the chemical formula for the following structure? A.C 5 H 10 B.C 5 H 12 C.C 6 H 12 D.C 6 H 14

46. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons CHECK YOUR ANSWER What is the chemical formula for the following structure? A.C 5 H 10 B.C 5 H 12 C.C 6 H 12 D.C 6 H 14 c c c c c

47. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons CHECK YOUR ANSWER What is the chemical formula for the following structure? A.C 5 H 10 B.C 5 H 12 C.C 6 H 12 D.C 6 H 14 c c c c c H H H HH H H H H H

48. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Unsaturated Hydrocarbons CHECK YOUR ANSWER What is the chemical formula for the following structure? A.C 5 H 10 B.C 5 H 12 C.C 6 H 12 D.C 6 H 14 c c c c c H H H HH H H H H H

49. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Functional Groups Heteroatom:Any atom other than hydrogen or carbon in an organic molecule.

50. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Functional Groups Heteroatom:Any atom other than hydrogen or carbon in an organic molecule. Functional Group: A combination of carbon, hydrogen, and heteroatoms that behave as a single unit.

51. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Functional Groups Heteroatom:Any atom other than hydrogen or carbon in an organic molecule. Functional Group: A combination of carbon, hydrogen, and heteroatoms that behave as a single unit. Organic molecules are classified by the functional groups they contain.

52. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Functional Groups Heteroatom:Any atom other than hydrogen or carbon in an organic molecule. Functional Group: A combination of carbon, hydrogen, and heteroatoms that behave as a single unit. Organic molecules are classified by the functional groups they contain. For example…

53. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Functional Groups

54. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Amines

55. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Alcohols Contain the Hydroxyl Group Hydroxyl Group

56. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Methanol (bp 65°C)

57. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Ethanol (bp 78°C)

58. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley 2-Propanol (bp 97°C)

59. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols Contain the Phenol Group Phenol

60. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic

61. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic

62. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic

63. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic H+H+

64. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic H+H+

65. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic H+H+

66. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic

67. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic

68. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic

69. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic

70. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic

71. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phenols are acidic

72. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley 4-n-Hexylresorcinol

73. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Thymol

74. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Ethers contain an oxygen bonded to two carbons Ether Group

75. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Dimethyl ether (bp −25°C)

76. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Dimethyl ether (bp −25°C) Ethanol bp 78°C

77. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Diethyl ether

78. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Amines form alkaline solutions Amine Group

79. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Ethyl amine

80. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley

85. Hydroxide ion

86. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Caffeine Phosphoric acid

87. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phosphoric acid Caffeine salt

88. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Phosphoric acid Caffeine salt Water soluble

89. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Which of the following compounds should have a higher boiling point? A.Structure A B.Structure B C.Both the same D.No way to tell Alcohols, Phenols, and Amines CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR N H O Structure AStructure B

90. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Which of the following compounds should have a higher boiling point? A.Structure A B.Structure B C.Both the same D.No way to tell Alcohols, Phenols, and Amines CHECK YOUR ANSWER Explanation: Structure B has a hydrogen attached to a strongly electronegative atom, nitrogen. This makes for a polar N—H bond that participates in hydrogen bonding. N H O Structure AStructure B

91. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Carbonyl A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom Carbonyl

92. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Ketone Group

93. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Ketone Group Aldehyde Group

94. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Acetone

95. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley AcetoneAcetaldehyde

96. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley FormaldehydeAcetone

97. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Citral

98. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Cinnamonaldehyde

99. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Benzaldehyde

100. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Vanillin

101. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Amide Group

102. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide DEET

103. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Carboxyl group

104. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley

112. Salicylic acid

113. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Acetylsalicylic acid Aspirin

114. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Ester group

115. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Salicylic acid

116. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Salicylic acid H 2 SO 4 CH 3 OH

117. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Methyl salicylate (Wintergreen)

118. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Penicillin

119. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The amino acid lysine is shown below. What functional group must be removed in order to produce the very smelly amine cadaverine, which is 1,5-pentanediamine? A.The hydrogen (shown) must be removed and replaced with an amino (NH 2 ) group. B.Lysine is 1,5-pentanediamine. Nothing has to be removed. C.The carboxyl group must be removed and replaced with a hydrogen. D.One amino group must be removed and replaced with a hydrogen. Functional Groups CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Lysine

120. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The amino acid lysine is shown below. What functional group must be removed in order to produce the very smelly amine cadaverine, which is 1,5-pentanediamine? A.The hydrogen (shown) must be removed and replaced with an amino (NH 2 ) group. B.Lysine is 1,5-pentanediamine. Nothing has to be removed. C.The carboxyl group must be removed and replaced with a hydrogen. D.One amino group must be removed and replaced with a hydrogen. Functional Groups CHECK YOUR ANSWER Lysine

121. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley In which of the following structures is carbon bonded five times? Functional Groups CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR A.B.C.D.

122. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Functional Groups CHECK YOUR ANSWER A.B.C.D. Explanation: Carbon can never be bonded five times! In none of the above structures is carbon indicated to be bonded five times. Sorry for the trick question… In which of the following structures is carbon bonded five times?

123. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Functional Groups CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR A.B.C.D. In which of the following structures is carbon bonded five times?

124. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Functional Groups CHECK YOUR ANSWER A.B.C.D. Explanation: Carbon can never be bonded five times! Structure C, therefore, is NOT a plausible structure for any existing organic compound. In which of the following structures is carbon bonded five times?

125. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Polymer:A very long organic molecule made by the joining together of smaller organic molecule units known as monomers.

126. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Polymer:A very long organic molecule made by the joining together of smaller organic molecule units known as monomers. Monomer

127. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Addition Polymer: A polymer whose mass is equal to the sum of the masses of the monomer units.

128. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Ethylene CC H H H H CC H H H H Addition Polymer: A polymer whose mass is equal to the sum of the masses of the monomer units.

129. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Ethylene CC H H H H CC H H H H Addition Polymer: A polymer whose mass is equal to the sum of the masses of the monomer units.

130. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Ethylene CC H H H H CC H H H H Addition Polymer: A polymer whose mass is equal to the sum of the masses of the monomer units.

131. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Ethylene H CC H H H CC H H H H Addition Polymer: A polymer whose mass is equal to the sum of the masses of the monomer units.

132. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Ethylene H CC H H H CC H HH H Addition Polymer: A polymer whose mass is equal to the sum of the masses of the monomer units.

133. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers H CC H H CC H HH HH Addition Polymer: A polymer whose mass is equal to the sum of the masses of the monomer units.

134. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers H CC H H CC H HH HH H CC H HH H CC H HH C H H H C H Addition Polymer: A polymer whose mass is equal to the sum of the masses of the monomer units.

135. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers H CC H H CC H HH HH H CC H HH H CC H HH C H H H C H Addition Polymer: A polymer whose mass is equal to the sum of the masses of the monomer units.

136. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers H CC H H CC H HH HH H CC H HH H CC H HH C H H H C H Ethylene Polyethylene C H H C H H

137. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Propylene CC CH 3 H H H CC H H H Propylene

138. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Polypropylene C H CC H H CC HH H H CC H HCH 3 CC HH H C HH H Propylene H C H C H CH 3

139. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers

140. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers

141. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers Condensation Polymer: A polymer formed when the joining of monomer units is accompanied by the loss of a small molecule, such as water.

142. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers

143. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers CONSIDER THIS… Many of the natural product molecules synthesized by plants are formed by the joining together of isoprene monomers via an addition polymerization. A good example is the flavoring molecule citral, which is made of two isoprene units. Find and circle these units within the structure shown to the right. Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) Citral Polymers

144. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers CHECK YOUR ANSWER Many of the natural product molecules synthesized by plants are formed by the joining together of isoprene monomers via an addition polymerization. A good example is the flavoring molecule citral, which is made of two isoprene units. Find and circle these units within the structure shown to the right. Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) Citral Polymers

145. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers CONSIDER THIS… Beta-carotene is a natural addition polymer made of eight isoprene units. Find and circle these units within the structure shown below. Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) Beta-carotene Polymers

146. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Polymers CHECK YOUR ANSWER Beta-carotene is a natural addition polymer made of eight isoprene units. Find and circle these units within the structure shown below. Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) Beta-carotene Polymers