1. THE REFORMATION

2. Church Abuses Church in Worldly affairs Wars to Protect Papal States form Secular rulers Church also wanted to expand its own interests

3. Pope Julius II the Warrior Pope

4. Alexander VI the Borgia Pope

5. The Medici Popes Leo X Clement VII

6. Indulgences “ the lessening of time in purgatory” Usually granted for good deeds Sold for money Protests like Erasmus and John Wycliffe Jan Hus

7. Martin Luther Wittenberg, Germany Johann Tetzel offers indulgences for St. Peter in Rome 95 Theses

8. Firestorm Luther does not recant-calls for rejection of Rome Excommunicated by Pope Leo X Charles V labels him an outlaw

9. Protestants Luther’s writing spreads 1530 called Protestants Northern German princes see Luther as an excuse to throw off Pope and HRE

10. Teachings All Christians equal before God Bans indulgences, confession, pilgrimages and prayers to saints. Permits Clergy to marry and simplifies the services – no Latin

11. Peasants revolt *Luther does not support *Prefers social order & political obedience

12. Peace of Augsberg 1555 each Prince could decide religion Many in the North- Lutheran Many in the South- Catholic

13. John Calvin 1536 Predestination- God determined the salvation of people. Saints or Sinners

14. Calvinists 1541 Geneva set up a Theocracy ‘Chosen people’ set up a Christian Society

15. Anabaptists Explosion of Protestant Sects Some reject Baptism for infants Most Peaceful Baptists, Mennonites and Amish trace beliefs

16. English Henry VIII denounces Reformation However, needs a male heir Wants a divorce from Catherine of Aragon Henry and advisors seize the Church

17. Henry VIII

18. Catherine of Aragon

19. Anne Boleyn

20. Act of Supremacy Henry’s marriage annulled Marries Anne Boleyn 1534- Henry named Head of Church Some protest including Sir Thomas More

21. Wives Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour Anne of Cleves Katherine Howard Katherine Parr

22. Turmoil Convents and monasteries closed Henry dies in 1547 after being married 6 times 9 year old Edward VI he dies Mary Tudor becomes Queen and tries to return England to Catholic Bloody Mary

23. Elizabethan Settlement 1558 Mary Dies 25 year old Elizabeth daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn Compromise keeps unity in England

24. Catholic Reform Pope Paul III Council of Trent 1545 reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs Empowers the Inquisition to fight the Protestants

25. Jesuits 1540- Society of Jesus Ignatius- Order of strict training Spread the Catholic faith

26. Persecution Witch Hunts- 1450-1750 Jews moved into ghetto Jews migrate from Western Europe