1. The Middle Ages The Catholic Church & Feudalism
Significance: Revival of Europe after Rome

2. AFTER ROME
What problems would beset Europe following the collapse of the Roman Empire?
List at least five problems…

3. NEW ORDER EMERGES Hard-won political order
Restored after fall of the Roman Empire
Invasions….depopulation
Will be de-centralized…
Local and regional rulers
Slow…long process of economic recovery
Increased agricultural production
Increased trade routes
Industry….commerce….re-urbanization
Cultural unity
Christian church based in Rome
Papacy
Monastic movement

4. Periodization… Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: – 1250
Late Middle Ages:

5. Europe in the 6c

6. The Medieval Catholic Church
filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.
monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
provided schools for the children of the upper class.
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

7. The Medieval Catholic Church
The Catholic Church versus the rise of European kings….
Ties of the Roman Catholic Church to the European kings….
Crowning of kings by the pope
“god’s selected ruler”
Fear of ex-communication
Power of the Church….
Pope Gregory VII
The pope can be judged by no one
The Roman church has never erred and never will….till the end of time…
He can dispose emperors; The pope alone can depose and restore bishops; He alone can call general councils and authorize canon law; All princes should kiss his feet…..

8. The Power of the Medieval Church
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare  only days a year for combat.
curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition
tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

9. A Medieval Monk’s Day

10. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

11. Illuminated Manuscripts

12. Romanesque Architectural Style
Rounded Arches.
Barrel vaults.
Thick walls.
Darker, simplistic interiors.
Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

13. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

14. Charlemagne’s Empire

15. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

16. The Carolingian Renaissance

17. Carolingian Miniscule

18. The Rise of European Monarchies: England

19. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

20. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

22. Carcassonne, France: A Medieval Castle

23. Parts of a Medieval Castle

24. The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE

25. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

26. The Medieval Manor

27. Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work

28. The
"Renaissance"
of the 12c

29. William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)

30. Evolution of England’s Political System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.

31. Evolution of England’s Political System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.

32. Magna Carta, 1215 Runnymeade “Great Charter”
King John I
Runnymeade
“Great Charter”
monarchs were not above the law.
kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.

33. The Beginnings of the British Parliament
Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament.
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
House of Lords  nobles & clergy.
House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

34. Setting Out on Crusade

35. Medieval Universities

36. Oxford University

37. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

38. Medieval Trade

39. Medieval Guilds Guild Hall
Commercial Monopoly:
Controlled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman
Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
Controlled prices

40. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

41. Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

44. Gothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches.
High, narrow vaults.
Thinner walls.
Flying buttresses.
Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.
Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses

45. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

46. Christian Crusades: East and West