1. Chapters 17 & 20
The Middle Ages

2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: – 1250
Late Middle Ages:

3. Europe in the 6c

4. W. Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire
First major group to hold power after 476 – The Franks
W. Europe power now based in Germany/France instead of Italy
***The Franks converted to Roman Catholic Christianity
Leader Clovis rules from
Ensures Franks are dominant political & military power in W. Europe
By becoming Christian – Franks get support from the Pope & millions of other Christians in W. Europe

5. Charlemagne
Carolingians replace Franks in W. Europe, led by Charlemagne
Re-est. Centralized rule in (briefly) in Europe
Extended territory throughout Europe
Diplomatic relations w/Byzantines, Abbasid Caliphate and others
Local rule by counts - Missi Dominici used to keep them in line
Crowned Emperor in 800 by Pope

6. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

7. Charlemagne’s Empire

8. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

9. Viking Ships

10. Breakdown of Charlemagne’s Empire
Vikings
Magyars
Muslims

11. Results? Europe breaks down into complete regionalism
Many small, regional states and kingdoms carved out of W. Europe
Feudalism becomes the dominant political/economic order
New decentralized system in place
Order is now placed at the local level

12. Feudalism
A decentralized political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

13. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

14. Parts of a Medieval Castle

15. The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE

16. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

17. The Medieval Manor

18. Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work

19. The Medieval Catholic Church
filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.
monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
provided schools for the children of the upper class.
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

20. The Power of the Medieval Church
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare  only days a year for combat.
curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition
tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

21. A Medieval Monk’s Day

22. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

23. Illuminated Manuscripts

24. Romanesque Architectural Style
Rounded Arches.
Barrel vaults.
Thick walls.
Darker, simplistic interiors.
Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

25. Carolingian Miniscule

26. The Rise of European Monarchies: England

27. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

28. The
"Renaissance"
of the 12c

29. William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)

30. Evolution of England’s Political System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.

31. Evolution of England’s Political System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.

32. Magna Carta, 1215 Runnymeade “Great Charter”
King John I
Runnymeade
“Great Charter”
monarchs were not above the law.
kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.

33. The Beginnings of the British Parliament
Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament.
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
House of Lords  nobles & clergy.
House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

34. The Rise of European Monarchies: France

35. Gothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches.
High, narrow vaults.
Thinner walls.
Flying buttresses.
Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.
Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses

36. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

37. Setting Out on Crusade

38. Christian Crusades: East and West

39. Medieval Universities

40. Oxford University

41. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

42. Medieval Trade

43. Medieval Guilds Guild Hall
Commercial Monopoly:
Controlled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman
Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
Controlled prices

44. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

45. Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

46. 1. Summarize the content of the piece in 5 bullet points (as you would if you were doing document analysis on a DBQ)
2. What is the author’s point of view (why would he be writing something like this at this time / place?)
3. How does understanding his POV give us a better understanding of the time period?