1. Teleost Fish: Bonytongues Through Anglerfish
Ch. 14

2. Subdividision Euteleostei
Superorder Ostariophysi
Superorder Protacanthopterygii
Superorder Stenopterygii
Superorder Cyclosquamata
Superorder Scopelomorpha
Superorder Lampridomorpha
Superorder Polymixiiformes
Superorder Paracanthopterygii
Superorder Acanthopterygii

3. Superorder Protocanthopterygii
Contains three orders
Esociformes
Osmeriformes
Salmoniformes

4. Order Esociformes Three families: Esocidae-pikes Umbridae-mud minnows
Daliidae-arctic minnows

5. Family Esocidae Pikes, pickerels, and muskellunge:
Predatory; sagittiform bodies
Large mouth & sharp teeth
Found in N. America and
Eurasia
Important recreational spp.
Largest: muskellunge (musky)
North-Central US
Central Canada

7. Family Umbridae mudminnows: small Slow-moving
Burrow in mud when disturbed

9. Family Dalliidae blackfishes: Australia and Siberia
Able to survive frozen in the ice
Remain inactive until the thaw

10. Order Osmeriformes Two suborders:
Argentoidea (argentines deep-sea smelts)
Osmeroidei (smelts, galaxiids)

11. Suborder Argentoidei Argentines: “deep-sea smelts” very numerous
harvested commercially in mid-water trawls

12. Suborder Osmeroidei Smelts and galaxiids: Smelts:
Small, silvery fish (< 30 cm)
Popular food fish
Freshwater, anadromous, marine
Australian salamanderfish (galaxiid)
Turn head sharply left or right while perched on its pectoral fin
Lacks lung; able to aestivate

13. Smelts
Salamanderfish

14. Order Salmoniformes Family Salmonidae Contains three subfamilies:
Salmoninae - trouts, salmon, chars
Coregoninae - whitefishes
Thymalinae – graylings
North America and Eurasia
High latitude species
Require high DO and cooler water for survival and reproduction

15. Subfamily Salmoninae Trouts, salmons and chars
Many species have landlocked and anadromous forms
Onchorhynchus mykiss – rainbow trout (landlocked); steelhead (anadromous)
O. nerka – sockeye (anadromous); kokanee (landlocked)

16. Subfamily Salmoninae Anadromous species Eggs laid in freshwater
Fry hatch and develop into parrs (large spots on side of body)
Transform into smolts (migrates to the sea)
Grow to large size in sea
Return to FW to spawn and typically die after spawning
Transfer of nutrients upstream from seas to FW streams important ecologically
Dead salmon decay, biomass is utilized by scavengers that may ultimately be preyed upon by young salmon

17. Subfamily Salmoninae Three important genera in North America:
Onchorhynchus – Pacific salmon
California through Canada to Alaska and throughout Siberia
Includes rainbow trout and cutthroat trout
Salmo – Atlantic salmon
Massachusetts to Canada; Iceland and Europe
Nearly extinct due to dams
Landlocked and anadromous forms
Includes brown trout – introduced to US; tolerates warm water and lower DO
Salvelinus – North American Chars
Lake trout and Brook trout

20. Subfamily Coreginae Whitefishes: Formerly an important species
Numbers have greatly declined relative to introduced species

21. Subfamily Thymalinae Graylings: Small trout-like fishes
Grey irridescent bodies
Long dorsal fins

22. Marine Habitat Classified into distinct areas:
Pelagic- area away from the shoreline
Pelagic divided into distinct regions
Surface to 200 meters = epipelagic
light penetration occurs
200 meters to 1000 meters = mesopelagic
Faint amount of light
Animals migrate up at night; down during day
1000 meters to 4000 meters = bathypelagic
Practically no light

24. Stomiiformes Marine hatchetfishes: Extremely flattened laterally
Photophores on ventral side
Photophores = light producing organs
Provides countershading = less visible to predators

25. Myctophiformes Lantern fishes: Small black fishes
Photophores along entire body
Present in great numbers
Important food for many species

26. Lampridiformes Bizarre species: Opah
Found close to the surface; taken by the same pelagic longlines used to catch tunas and marlins and meat is sold
oarfish

27. Superorder Paracanthopterygii
Contains a number of orders that are grouped together because of similar morphology:
Order Percopsiformes
Order Ophidiiformes
Order Gadiformes
Order Batrachoidiformes
Order Lophiiformes

28. Order Percopsiformes Trout perch, pirate perch, and cavefishes:
Possess a true spine
Possess an adipose fin
Pirate perch:
Pelvic fins located below pectorals
Anus located in the throat
Cavefishes:
Adapted to caves
Eyes reduced
Lost their pigment
Elongated bodies
Lateral line system very well-developed
Trout perch

29. Anal opening
Pirate Perch (Aphredoderus sayanus)

31. Order Ophidiiformes Cusk eels : Pearl fishes Taeniform body shape
Found all over world
Mostly marine
Some brightly colored
Pearl fishes
Very thin fishes
Sharp pointed tails
Live inside invertebrates
In cloaca of sea cucumbers
Tickles it to get back in

32. Order Gadiformes Cods and cod-like fishes (haddock, pollock): Cod:
Large and economically important group
Possess isocercal tails
Grand Banks fishery inexhaustible??
Cod:
Collected in great numbers off the European coast
Contains little fat—can be dried
Used by ocean-going travelers as a food source

34. Batrachoidiformes (frog-like)
Toadfishes, frogfish and midshipman:
Bottom dwellers
Lack pleural ribs
Large mouths
Modified dorsal fish for “fishing”
Able to produce sound: humming
Muscular vibrations of swim bladder
Midshipmen oddity:
photophores
Arranged on their belly like the buttons of a midshipmen’s uniform...rare for shallow water fish.
Humming sound amplified by stationary boats....no sleep!!

35. Midshipman, Porichthys notatus
Toadfish
Frogfish
“Harry” Frogfish

36. Order Lophiiformes Anglerfishes: Batfishes- odd shaped...multicolered
Most possess modified dorsal fins “rod and lures”
Batfishes- odd shaped...multicolered
Monkfish
Bottom dweller
Taken in trawls
Once considered trash fish “poor mans lobster”

37. Batfish
Monkfish and some
Anglers are food in
some countries, so
you might see some
store....
Anglerfish

38. Just be careful who you take shopping!!