1. Introduction to the Animal Kingdom

2. Plant or Animal?

7. Which of these is an “animal”?

8. Answer: They are all animals! Characteristics of Animals: heterotrophic Eukaryotic multicellular lack cell walls. 95% = invertebrates (do not have backbone) 5% = vertebrates (have a backbone)

9. Biology = study of life Physiology = Study of the functions of organs Anatomy = the structure of the organism/organs Zoology = study of animals

10. Animal Functions 1.Feeding: Herbivore = eats plants Carnivore = eats animals Omnivore = eats plants and animals Detritivore = feed on decaying organic material Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water Parasite = lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship)

11. 2. Respiration: Take in O2 and give off CO2 Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion

12. 3. Circulation: Very small animals rely on diffusion Larger animals have circulatory system

13. 4. Excretion: Primary waste product is ammonia 5. Response: Receptor cells = sound, light, external stimuli Nerve cells => nervous system 6. Movement: * Most animals move

14. 7. Reproduction: Most reproduce sexually = genetic diversity Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually to increase their numbers rapidly

15. Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges) Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish) Bilateral Symmetry - has a right and left side (humans, insects, cats, etc)

16. Identify the Symmetry

17. Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head) *The more complex the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization Octopus – member of the class Cephalopoda (head-foot)

18. Body Sides anterior - toward the head posterior - toward the tail dorsal - back side ventral - belly side

19. Segmentation - "advanced" animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)

20. Trends in Animal Evolution Early Development Animals begin life as a zygote (fertilized egg)

21. The cells in the zygote divide to form the BLASTULA - a hollow ball of cells

22. The blastula pinches inward to form three GERM LAYERS

24. Animal Kingdom Phyla Phylum Porifera – sponges Phylum Cnidaria – sea anemones, jellyfish, hydra

25. Phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms Free-living PlanarianParasitic Tapeworm

26. Phylum Annelida – segmented worms Phylum Nematoda – roundworms

27. Phylum Mollusca – clams, squid, snails

28. Phylum Arthropoda – crustaceans, insects, spiders This is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom and contains the most number of species

29. Phylum Echinodermata - starfish

30. Phylum Chordata – includes all vertebrates

31. Taken from biologycorner.com