1. TERRORISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST

2. Meaning & History There are many definitions of terrorism – hard to reach a consensus. This matters for policy makers, citizens, and the international community. From the 1960s until the late 1980s, the main motives for terrorism were political. The nature of terrorism changed overtime with more internationalization, the emergence of religious factors in the 1990s, and the growing acceptance of suicide.

4. An Alarming Trend 1968-2006

5. Where It’s Happening

6. How Big Is The Problem? CountryIncidentsInjuriesFatalities Afghanistan207328298 India2721051398 Iraq233693996234 Nepal10010433 Pakistan163398160 Russia10211351 West Bank/Gaza 47930274 Stats from 2005

7. Economic Costs CountryReduce Incidents per year from Gain in GDP (In millions - $ US) Egypt5 to 4221 India5 to 41,132 France18 to 171,161 Colombia13 to 1287 US3 to 240,626 United Kingdom18 to 17828 WorldTo ZERO for the year3,600,000

8. Political Costs Tensions between the West and the Muslim world Human rights concerns Weakening of transparency, accountability, and democratic rules Ex. = Patriot Act – places limits on freedom Strengthening of authoritarian regimes

9. Short-Term Solutions Containment w/ control measures both here & abroad Involve police, intelligence, & military Reduce tension between countries Open debate w/ experts Transparency & accountability within our own gov’t

10. Medium & Long-Term Solutions Prevention Improve information gathering & analysis More diplomacy & foreign aid Better coordination & cooperation within the international community Involve other countries in our dealings with Iraq & Afghanistan UN should have more involvement Negotiate with and offer amnesty to some terrorists?

11. Who Can Make a Difference?