1. Quiz 1. Where does Paul speak of the pillar and foundation of truth?
2. How many attributes does the Church of Christ possess?
3. Catholics believe the church is an invisible Church.
4. In the Church of Christ all will be saints
5. This is where Jesus gives Peter the keys to the kingdom of Heaven.

2. AUTHORITY Where does authority rest after Christ?
Objectives:
Demonstrate the primacy of Peter
Differentiate Protestant vs Catholic views of authority.
Cite scriptural passage supporting Sacred Tradition.
Define infallibility
Differentiate ordinary vs extraordinary magisterium

3. Catholic View Jesus vested authority with the Apostles
Where is that in scripture?
Mt. 16:18
Just to Peter
Mt 18:16
“Whatever you bind on earth is bound in Heaven”
Mt 28:18-20
Then Jesus approached and said to them, "All power in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, until the end of the age."

4. Protestant Response
1. Jesus is referring to Peter’s confession of faith not to Simon himself
You judge!
And so I say to you, you are Rock, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it.
I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven."
Is Jesus referring to Peter’s confession or to the man Simon now known as Peter?

5. Argument 2
The Greek translation of the Bible uses the word Petros =small stone.
Rock would have been Petra
How could Jesus say he was building the Church on a small stone or pebble?
Jesus was not speaking in Greek. In Aramaic the word was Cephas = rock!
Petros is masculine
Petra is feminine
So the translators took the word that agreed in gender while not perfect in description of Peter!

6. Peter’s Primacy Peter is always mentioned 1st
Peter gives the speech at Pentecost
Peter is mentioned 191 times. All others combined = 130
John 21:15-18 three times Peter is told to tend the flock of Christ.
Jesus preaches from Peter’s boat
Peter receives the revelation to admit gentiles
Peter settles the question at the Council of Jerusalem

7. Infallibility Both Catholics and Protestants claim it
Protestants claim if for the Bible and their interpretation guided by the Holy Spirit
If guided by the same spirit shouldn’t all be the same
30,000 churches from individual interpretations
Catholics for the Church= DEPOSIT OF FAITH
Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition
Ordinary magisterium
Day to day teaching of the Church
Extraordinary magesterium
Special circumstances

8. Revelation Two sources Sacred Scripture Sacred Tradition The Bible
Collection of books
Canon established in 397 a.d.
Sacred Tradition
Verbal instructions handed on by the Apostles to the 1st bishops
Through the ages to us
St. Paul speaks of “Oral Traditions”

9. Protestant View Sola Scriptura The Bible or Scripture is the authority
Where is that in the Bible?
Its not! Jn 21: not everything is in the Bible.
2 Thess 2:15; Paul speaks of oral tradition.
Acts 2: early Christians followed apostolic tradition.
2 Pet 3: Bible hard to understand, get distorted.
2 Pet 1: against personal interpretation.
Acts 8:31; Heb 5: guidance needed to interpret scriptures.

10. Quiz
1. At the World Council of Churches Pope Paul VI said “our name is Peter. T/F
2.The Church of Christ must have an unbroken chain of succession to the apostles. T/F
3.The 1st pope to travel outside of Italy in modern times: a. Paul VI b. JPII c. JP I
4. The Catholic Church is primarily a European church. T/F
5. All other churches have a gap of about ____yrs between their foundation and the time of Christ.
a b c d. 2000

11. How was the Bible formed? Who collected the books?
Written over 1000 years
Who collected the books?
Some books included others excluded
Who decided what to keep in and take out
How long did this process take?
Canon of Scripture decided at the Council of Carthage in 396 AD

12. Infallibility Not Revelation Not impeccability
This is where God works through a human instrument to reveal some truth
Not impeccability
This is preservation from sin
Only the Blessed Virgin Mary enjoyed this charism
God standing outside the person
Protecting from error

13. Ordinary magisterium Day to day teaching of the Church
Those teachings the Universal Church has held to be true
Universal means consensus it is not mathematical

14. Extraordinary magisterium
When some teaching or belief is called into question, ignored, or challenged
The Church endeavors to solemnly define a point

15. Ecumenical Council All of the bishops of the world
Charged to meet on this point
Issues decrees
Once ratified by the pope they are infallible and binding on all Catholics
22 such in the history of the Church
The 1st in 50 Jerusalem
The last in 1965 at the Vatican

16. Papal Decree The pope has the power to act by himself
This is by virtue of the authority granted him by Jesus (Mt. 16:18)
when speaking “ex cathedra” In his official capacity as chief shepherd
Matter of faith or morals
Solemnly defines some matter as binding on the entire Church
Only exercised twice in 2000 years

17. Catholic idea of infallibility
The bishops in union w/ the pope
A Ecumenical Council once approved by the pope
The pope by himself:
when speaking “ex cathedra” In his official capacity as chief shepherd
Matter of faith or morals
Solemnly defines some matter as binding on the entire Church

18. How does the authority of the Pope and bishops lead to and preserve unity?
What has happened to Christianity since the authority of the Church was cast off in the Reformation?