1. Curriculum and Instruction
Chapter 14
Curriculum and Instruction

2. Subject-Centered Curricula
Subject-Area Approach
Perennialist and Essentialist Approaches
Back-to-Basics Approach
Core Approach
Core curriculum (block scheduling) approach: progressive
New core curriculum (core subjects) approach: essentialist

3. Student-Centered Curricula
Emphasis on student needs
Activity-centered approaches
Constructivism
Relevant curriculum
Humanistic approach
Alternative or free schools programs
Character education (values-centered curriculum)

4. Key Figures in Curriculum
Subject-centered
William Harris
Robert Hutchins
Mortimer Adler
Ernest Boyer
John Goodlad
Theodore Sizer
Student-centered
Jean Jacques Rousseau
John Dewey
William Kilpatrick
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Jonathan Kozol
Nel Noddings

5. Influences on Curriculum Development
National policies
State standards, curriculum guides, and state-wide testing
School district personnel
Teachers, parents, administrators, and students
College admission standards
Textbooks
Calls for censorship

6. Key Instructional Approaches
Individualized Instruction
Cooperative Learning
Mastery Instruction
Critical Thinking
Computerized Instruction
Video and Satellite Systems
Distance Education

7. Emerging Curriculum Trends
Lifelong Learning
Restoration of Geography
National Curriculum Standards
International Education
Health and Fitness
Technology Education
Immigrant Education