1. Middle East Fundamentalism

2.  1.What are the roots of modern Islamic Fundamentalism? 2.What was the United States’ response to global terrorism? 3.What were the causes of the Arab-Israeli conflict? 4.How have religious and ethnic conflicts threatened global security? Concept Questions

3.   Balfour Declaration (1917)  Creation of Israel – series of conflicts  Moved Arab Palestinians to the West Bank and Gaza strip  Israeli war for Independence (1948)  Suez Crisis (1956)  Six Day War (1967)  Massacre at Munich Olympics (1972)  Yom Kippur War (1973)  Assassination of Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat (1978)  Camp David Accords (1978)  OPEC  PLO  Golda Meir  First woman prime minister of Israel  Led through the Munich game massacre and Yom Kippur War Israel

4.   Reaction against western values  Strict enforcement of Islamic law (Sharia)  Regulated moral conduct, family life, business practices, government  Applied Qur’an to all legal situations  Interpretation varies between sects  Why not all Muslim countries get along  No separation between religion and state Fundamentalism

5.   1979 Revolution that replaced the Shah with Ayatollah  Fundamentalism gained power  Massive rioting and demonstrations by Iranians  Adoption of western culture not allowed  Hostage Crisis Iran

6.   Hezbollah  Shi’a group in Lebanon  Wanted to eliminate Israel  Bombed U.S. barracks in 1983  PLO  Plane hijacking  1972 Munich games massacre  NOT a radical fundamentalist group – formed to protest the creation of Israel and the U.S. and western support  Al Qaeda  Defend Islam against all non-Islamic religions and influences  1993 trade towers bombing, bombing of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, 9/11 attacks  Taliban  Fundamentalist group in Afghanistan  ISIS Terrorist Groups

7.   Invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan (2003)  Response to 9/11  Showed that many foreign groups are hostile towards the U.S.  Search for WMD’s  Homeland Security created  U.S. Patriot Act  Private contract security forces  Ongoing attempts to stop terrorist acts  Osama bin Laden  2011 killed in military action in Pakistan War on Terrorism

8.   Be able to identify Middle East countries on a map