1. Solomon Trawl – Gear description (fish & shrimp) http://www.safmc.net Joël Prado - FAO/FIIT http://www.whboat.com

2. Introduction Fish & invertebrates Bottom (demersal) and midwater (pelagic) http://www.ilvo.vlaanderen.be http://www.seafish.org

3. Introduction Fish & invertebrates Bottom (demersal) and midwater (pelagic) ~ 50% global catch Watson et al. 2004

4. Introduction Fish & invertebrates Bottom (demersal) and midwater (pelagic) 50% global catch Active Cone-shaped net http://research.usm.maine.edu/

5. Introduction Fish & invertebrates Bottom (demersal) and midwater (pelagic) 50% global catch Active using cone-shaped net Small & large vessels NOAA Fisheries http://www.crenvironmental.com/NOAAtrawl.htm

6. Introduction - Impacts Bycatch Juvenile fish in shrimp trawl Protected species Bottom habitat Shrimp fishing bycatch (Madagascar) http://www.ird.fr/ Before (top) & after (bottom) trawling. FAO 2005

7. Objectives Describe how trawl gear works List 4 components of a trawl and describe 2 pieces of specialized equipment Demonstrate ability to complete the gear description form

8. Sampling Priorities 1. Collect information on fishing effort 2. Randomly sample catch for catch composition 3. Record gear characteristics 4. Collect length-frequency data on target and non-target catch

9. Trawl configurations Varies by target & fish behavior 3 main configuration types Otter trawl Pair trawl Beam trawl

10. Trawl configurations 3 main configuration types Otter trawl (animation from www.dantrawl.com)animation http://www.liv.ac.uk/ http://www.crimond.com/bison.htm

11. Trawl configurations 3 main configuration types Pair trawl (2 vessels) Photos: http://www.boatdesign.net/forums/open-discussion/beam-trawl-query-17413.html http://www.nfrdi.re.kr http://news.bbc.co.uk

12. http://www.crimond.com/ Trawl configurations Confusing terminology (#1) Pair trawl – 2 vessels Twin trawl – 2 nets Duplex (separator) trawl – 2 codends http://www.nfrdi.re.kr http://www.crimond.com/

13. Trawl configurations 3 main configuration types Beam trawl http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ http://www.qc.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ Griffiths: http://www.sanctuarysimon.org/

14. Trawl configurations Confusing terminology (#2) Beam trawler –vessels which deploy nets from abeam; also outrigger trawler or winch boat Beam trawl – type of net configuration Beam trawler with beam trawls; http://www.ilvo.vlaanderen.be

15. Trawl configurations Images modified from FAO (2001b),Lokkeborg (2005) and http://www.crimond.com

16. Net components (Manual Fig.6-2)

17. Net components (Manual Fig.6-3) Sack Headline

18. Net configuration Fisheye BRD Tie off rings TED (hard grid) Elephant ears Headrope / headline Lazy line Footrope Dummy door Trawl door Tickler chain Bottom leg Top leg Floats Guide line (Manual Fig.7-3)

19. Gear Deployment & Retrieval Deployment Video - retrievingretrieving NOAA Fisheries

20. Bycatch reduction Bycatch reduction device (BRD) Junk fish excluder (JTED) Turtle excluder device (TED) NOAA Fisheries http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au

21. Bycatch reduction Bycatch reduction device (BRD) Junk fish excluder (JTED) NOAA Fisheries Fish eye (http://www.seagrantfish.lsu.edu) Square mesh window (FAO) Square mesh codend (http://bayjournal. com.au) Radial escape section (http://www.seagrantfish.lsu.edu)

22. Bycatch reduction Bycatch reduction device (BRD) Junk fish excluder (JTED) Turtle excluder (TED video)video w NOAA Fisheries Photo: Mike Gerner, AFMA http://www.euroturtle.org

23. Bycatch reduction

24. http://www.vims.edu/

25. Trawl sensors http://www.notus.ca/

26. Gear Description - Finfish 1

27. X

28. http://dnr.louisiana.gov/ http://www.crimond.com/ http://www.net-sys.com/ www.morgere.fr/

29. Gear Description - Finfish

30. Headline

31. Gear Description - Finfish http://www.eurorock-belgium.com http://www.cosmostrawl.dk

32. Gear Description - Finfish

33. http://www.fao.org/ Courtesy of S. Sei, Sierra Leone)

34. Gear Description - Finfish

36. Fish eye (http://www.seagrantfish.lsu.edu) Images from Eayrs (2007) x

37. Gear Description - Finfish x Radial Escape Section (http://www.seagrantfish.lsu.edu) Images from Eayrs (2007)

38. Gear Description - Finfish X Images from Eayrs (2007)

40. Gear Description - Shrimp

43. Grid angle

44. Activity Handout Groups of 2 or 3 20 minutes *use mini net in front of room for your codend mesh size. Record your measurements and average mesh size calculation.

45. FS345 LIB 99977 x1 x x Crimond nova demersal 2.4 2.0 1000 4.03 1.2chain 3. 5 1.2chain 4.2 1.2chain 6 20wire cable 7.215wire cable 6 15 wire cable

46. Length = 2.4 m Height = 2 m

47. Gear Description - Finfish 400 25steel cable 52 20nylon 18 60 22 weighted synthetic 11 60 Dyneema 65 10 chain (sttel) 100kg

48. Gear Description - Finfish 8 25 rubber 15 15 10 rubber 32 Polyethelene 3.5 15.0 25 100 Polyethelene 3.5 12.0 30 65 Polyethelene 3.5 8.25 W 110 76 x x 2410 4.5

49. Summary Can you name the trawl configurations below Beam trawl / otter trawl / pair trawl

50. Summary 1 1 2 3 3 4 4

51. Describe how trawl gear works

52. References Eayrs, S. 2007. A Guide to Bycatch Reduction in Tropical Shrimp-Trawl Fisheries. Revised edition. Rome, FAO. 108 p. Kelleher, K. 2005. Discards in the world's marine fisheries: An update. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, FAO, Rome. Watson, R., E. Hoshino, J. Beblow, C. Revenga, Y. Kura, and A. Kitchingman. 2004. Fishing Gear Associated With Global Marine Catches. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 12.

53. Quick review List 3 trawl types Define pelagic and demersal What are the functions of BRDs & TEDs? Beam, otter, pair Pelagic = midwater; demersal = on bottom Reduce catch of unwanted fish, turtles or other large fauna