1. Dan Berkman Human Dimensions of Wildland Fire Conference Seattle, WA

2.  Fire suppression policies -ladder fuels  Climate change -earlier melting snowpack -drier fuel conditions -Mountain Pine Beetle  Expansion of the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) -growing population -higher costs of suppression -defensible space Western Regional Climate Center Wildland Fire Lessons Learned Center

3.  To produce an annotated bibliography for fire managers that will integrate the known published literature with practical field experience from individuals who work in the field of wildland fire education and communication. US Forest Service

4.  Participants were selected through a snowball sampling technique (Goodman 1961).  A diverse range of geography, agency and positions were sought.  Interviews lasted approximately 45-60 minutes and were conversation style.  Basic content analysis techniques were used to find common themes and insightful feedback (Strauss and Corbin 1998).

5. AgencyR1R2R3R4R5R6R8R9R10Total NPS2113119 USFS73111114 BLM1124 State/local52119 Researchers21115 Other134 Total171845026245 45 total interviews US Forest Service regions US Forest Service

7. Key themes from respondents:  Give accurate and concise information  Be honest  Be proactive with local communities  Show visuals “It is important to get a clear message across. Be honest and not condescending.” -Fire Management Officer NPS

8. Most Effective:  Face to face contact  Good relationship with local media  Inciweb “Inciweb is like one stop shopping where all incidents are posted. It is a way to magnify our presence to a larger audience.” -Public Information Officer Least Effective:  Just using one tool in toolbox (written guidelines, social media) National Interagency Fire Center

9. Key Themes:  Polarizing issue  The challenge is to juggle the new available technology without losing the personal touch.  Rumor central? Quotes: “The public wants and desires up-to-date information, which is a good thing as long as you can give out ‘real time needs’.” -Fire Education Specialist

10. Key Themes:  Remember human side of work  Public wants to be heard and listened to  Working with local agencies with help with external communication efforts Quote: “Remember you are a guest in their community. Be a person, not a government worker. Build trust and make common connections with people.” -Public Information Officer Wall Street Journal

12. Key Themes:  Officers are not out in the field enough  Need to know fire ecology  Use common language  Need understanding of the Incident Command System Quote: “You have to be a believable manager. You have to go out in the field and see what is being talked about.” -Fire and Aviation Management Officer National Interagency Fire Center

13. Key Themes:  Keep short and concise  Easy to read articles  Multimedia Quote: “Line officers do not read much anymore. Sometimes we read executive summaries. Mostly we want quick and easily accessible reads.” -Fire Information Officer Wildland Fire Lessons Learned Center BLM

14. The bibliography has been divided into the following main sections: 1) Introduction to Wildland Fire Ecology and History 2) Understanding Social Changes along the Wildland Urban Interface 3) Perception of Wildland Fire and Policy 4) Long Term Planning and Resiliency

15. AuthorDate PublishedGeographyFocus of Study Page reference of full summary Black et al.c 2008National Barriers to wildland fire use and programs30 Dombeck et al2004National History of wildland fire policy and the impacts of climate change and an expanding WUI30 Steelman et al.2004 Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico Federal and state allocation of resources for suppression versus other management strategies31 Steelman and Burke2007National Federal, state, community allocation of resources toward wildland fire management32 Steelman and McCaffrey2011 Los Padres NF, California; Shoshone NF, Wyoming External and internal issues for more flexible fire management strategies32

16. Best Practices  Be honest and accurate with information.  Important to build relationships with communities prior to events.  The most effective tool is face-to-face, personal communication with the public. Content and Format of Bibliography  Geared toward information and line officers new to the field of fire management.  Short and concise content. Easy to read articles and visuals.

17. Anne Black (RMRS) Dick Bahr (NPS) Vita Wright (RMRS/NPS) Mark Ashton (Yale F&ES) Ann Camp (Yale F&ES) and all those interviewed!