1. Introduction to C# Programming ณภัทร สักทอง 1204452 Application Program Development

2. 2 Outline 2 Programming Languages C# Language Overview

3. 3 Programming Languages 3 Program – A set of instructions for a computer to follow, written in specific programming language Types of programming language – High-Level Language – Assembly Language – Machine Language Programming Languages

4. 4 High-level VS Assembly VS Machine Language 4 High-level Language – Nearly like human word –SUM := A * 2 + ALPHA/3; Assembly Language – Some key words are understandable MULL3A, #2, R ADDL3R6, R7, SUM Machine Language – Only “ 0 ” and “ 1 ” 00011000011 00011001111 10011000111 Computer itself understands only Machine language

5. 5 Language translator 5 Interpreter / Compiler Hello World! _ High-level language static void Main( ) { Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); } Assembly language pushl %ebp movl %esp, %ebp subl $8, %esp andl $-16, %esp Machine language 00011000110001110 00110001110101111 00011000110001110 Assembler Machine Programming Languages

6. 6 High-Level Languages Procedural Language – Fortran – Cobol – Basic – C – Pascal Object-Oriented Language – C++ – Java – C#  Functional Language  Lisp  Logic Language  Prolog 6 Programming Languages

7. 7 Outline 7 Programming Languages C# Language Overview

8. 8 A simple C# Program 8 Grouping using { } C# Language Overview

9. 9 A simple C# Program 9 Statement ending with semicolon “;” C# Language Overview

10. 10 A simple C# Program 10 C# syntax is case-sensitive namespaceNAMEspace Main()main() C# Language Overview

11. 11 A simple C# Program 11 White space means nothing static void Main (string[] args) { Console. WriteLine ("Hello World!"); } static void Main (string[] args){ Console. WriteLine ("Hello World!");} C# Language Overview

12. 12 A simple C# Program 12 Anything between /* */ or after // is considered a comment static void Main (string[] args) //comment here { /* This is comment too. */ Console. WriteLine ("Hello World!"); } Comments will not be translated C# Language Overview

13. 13 Program Structure The starting point of the program is: This is known as the method Main A method is put inside a class A class may be put inside a namespace static void Main () {... starting point... } static void Main () {... starting point... } 13 C# Language Overview

14. 14 Program Structure In C# – A program can contain several namespaces – A namespace can contain several classes – A class can contain several methods In other words – Think of a namespace as a container of classes – Think of a class as a container of methods method1 method2 namespace Class Class 14 C# Language Overview

15. 15 Program Structure For this 1204452 course – Program with only one class and at most one namespace For now until sometime before midterm – Program with one method (i.e., Main) namespace HelloW { class HelloWClass { static void Main () { System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); System.Console.ReadLine(); } namespace HelloW { class HelloWClass { static void Main () { System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); System.Console.ReadLine(); } 15 C# Language Overview

16. 16 Naming Rules Letters, digits and underscores(_) First character  letter or _ Up to 63 characters long Must not be a reserved word * Case Sensitive Example MSU53 ≠ msU53 ≠msu53 MSU53 ≠ msU53 ≠ msu53 C# Language Overview 16

17. 17 Naming Rules Letters, digits and underscores(_) First character  letter or _ Up to 63 characters long Must not be a reserved word C# Language Overview 17 Example nameName _data 9point  class  class_A class_”A”  point9

18. 18 C# Reserved Words C# Language Overview 18

19. Any question?

20. C# Basic Concept

21. 21 Naming Rules Letters, digits and underscores(_) First character  letter or _ Up to 63 characters long Must not be a reserved word Case Sensitive C# Language Overview 21 Example nameName _data 9point  class  class_A class_”A”  point9

22. 22 Outline 22 C# Beginning Variable and Constant Expression Statement Modify-And-Assign Math Class

23. 23 C# Beginning 23 The starting point of the program is: This is known as the method Main A method is put inside a class A class may be put inside a namespace static void Main () {... starting point... } static void Main () {... starting point... } C# Beginning

24. 24 Inside method Main Variable declarations Statements static void Main (string[] args) { const double pi = 3.1416; int radius; double area; radius = int. Parse (Console. ReadLine ()); area = pi*radius*radius; Console. WriteLine (area); } C# Beginning

25. 25 Outline 25 C# Beginning Variable and Constant Expression Statement Modify-And-Assign Math Class

26. 26 What is Variable? A variable is used to store “ data.” “It must be declared before used” Variable & Constant 26

27. 27 Data Types TypeSizeDescriptionRange bool1 byteStore truth valuetrue / false char1 byteStore one charactercharacter code 0 – 255 byte1 byteStore positive integer0 – 255 short2 byteStore integer-32,768 -- 32,767 int4 byteStore integer-2.1 x 10 9 -- 2.1 x 10 9 long8 byteStore integer-9.2 x 10 18 -- 9.2 x 10 18 double16 byteStore real number ± 5.0x10 -324 -- ± 1.7x10 308 stringN/AStore sequence of charactersN/A Variable & Constant 27

28. 28 C# Variable Declaration Syntax: ; Example : We can also assign its initial value. Example: int radius; double area; bool isokay; int k = 200; bool done = false; Variable & Constant 28

29. 29 C# Variable Declaration 29  Syntax:,,..., ;  Example :  We can also assign its initial value. Example: int width, length, height; double mean, sd, max, min; bool isokay, isright, check; int width=5, length, height=4;

30. 30 Test I - Variable Declaration 30 Declare variable1 – Name : num_Student – Type : interger – Initial value : nothing Declare variable2 – Name : gender – Type : character – Initial value : m  Declare variable3,4,5  Name3 : u  Name4 : t Name5 : a  Type : double  Initial value3 : 5.0  Initial value4 : nothing  Initial value5 : 9.8

31. 31 C# Constant Declaration Syntax: const = ; Example : const int radius = 15; const double area=1.5; const bool isokay=true; const string movie=”StarWarIII”; const char mckazine=‘m’; Variable & Constant 31

32. 32 C# Constant Declaration Syntax: const =, =,..., = ; Example : const int radius = 15, height = 5; const double area=1.5, wide=3.2, lenght = 4.1; Variable & Constant 32

33. 33 Test II - Constant Declaration 33 Declare Constant – Name : e – Type : double – Initial value : 2.71828

34. 34 Outline 34 C# Beginning Variable and Constant Expression Statement Modify-And-Assign Math Class

35. 35 C# Expression 35 Expression Arithmetic Expression Boolean Expression Expression

36. 36 Arithmetic Expression Operators – + - * / – % (remainder after division) Example – 11 + 5  – 39 / 5  – 39.0/5  – 39 % 5  – 5.0 % 2.2  Expression 16 7 4 0.6 36 7.8

37. 37 Piority of Arithmetic Operators Priorityoperator 1Parentheses () 2*, /, % 3+, - 4If equal precedence, left to right int a, b; a = 2-10*3/5+(6%4); b = 5*(15%4+(2-3))/9; a = -2 b = 1 Answer 37 Expression

38. 38 Calculation Priority 38 static void Main (){ int a,b,c,d; double e,f,g; a=2; b=7; c=5; d=c/a; e=5/b; f=5.0/2; g=5/2.0; } d = 2 e = 0 f = 2.5 g = 2.5 Answer Expression

39. 39 Boolean Expression Operators – Comparison == Equal == != Not equal != < Less < > Greater > <= Less than or equal to <= >= Greater than or equal to >= – Boolean && And && || Or || ! Not ! 0 and 0 = 0 0 and 1 = 0 1 and 0 = 0 1 and 1 = 1 0 or 0 = 0 0 or 1 = 1 1 or 0 = 1 1 or 1 = 1 not 0 = 1 not 1 = 0 Expression 39

40. 40 Example: Boolean Expression 10 > 50  ’A’ < ’B’  (3 6)  (’a’ != ’z’) && !(9==0)  false true Expression 40 true

41. 41 Outline 41 C# Beginning Variable and Constant Expression Statement Modify-And-Assign Math Class

42. 42 Statements A statement is a unit of command to instruct your program A method consists of one or more statements class Hello { static void Main () { Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); Console.ReadLine(); } class Hello { static void Main () { Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); Console.ReadLine(); } Statement#1 Statement#2 Statement 42

43. 43 C# Statement Types 43 C# Statement Types Assignment Statement Input Statement Output Statement Statement

44. 44 Assignment Statement Assigning value to variable equal sign (=) Use the equal sign (=) when making assignments. Syntax: = ; – = ; int Width,High; Width=10;High=20+Width; Statement 44

45. 45 Input Statement Console.ReadLine()  Return string – Use to get the input from user Convert string to other data type –int.Parse() – Convert string to integer –double.Parse() – Convert string to double Example string st; st = Console.ReadLine(); Statement 45

46. 46 Example: Input Statement Ex1:Ex1: string myname; myname = Console.ReadLine(); Ex2: int Width; string temp1; temp1 = Console.ReadLine(); Width = int.Parse(temp1); Statement 46

47. 47 Output Statements Use the method Write or WriteLine in the Console class (which is in System namespace) Basic usage: Advanced usage: Even more advanced usage: Console.WriteLine(”Size {0}x{1}”, width, height); double salary=12000; Console.WriteLine("My salary is {0:f2}.", salary); Console.WriteLine("Hello");Console.WriteLine(area); Statement 47

48. 48 Outline 48 C# Beginning Variable and Constant Expression Statement Math Class

49. 49 The Math Class Method/ Constant Value returnedExample CallResult PI Value of  Math.PI3.1415927 Max(x,y)Larger of the twoMath.Max(1,2)2 Abs(x)Absolute value of xMath.Abs(-1.3)1.3 Sqrt(x)Square-root of xMath.Sqrt(4.0)2.0 Round(x)Nearest integer to xMath.Round(0.8)1 Pow(x,y)xyxy Math.Pow(3,2)9.0 Log(x)Natural log of xMath.Log(10)2.302585 Ceiling(x)Smallest integer greater than or equal to x Math.Ceiling(4.1)5 Cos(x)Cosine of x radiansMath.Cos(Math.PI) Math Class 49

50. 50 Test III 50 Write the program which – Input : Your name – Output : Your name is.

51. 51 Test IV 51 Write the program which – Input : 3 number – Output : average of 3 input number

52. 52 Test VI 52 Write the program which – Input : lenght of radius of circle – Output : Area of circle

53. Any question?

54. * Selection Statement

55. * * Outline * Boolean expression if statement nested if statement Flowchart

56. * * Boolean Expression Operators Comparison Equal == Not equal != Less < Greater > Less than or equal to <= Greater than or equal to >= Boolean And && Or || Not ! * Boolean Expression 0 and 0 = 0 0 and 1 = 0 1 and 0 = 0 1 and 1 = 1 0 or 0 = 0 0 or 1 = 1 1 or 0 = 1 1 or 1 = 1 not 0 = 1 not 1 = 0

57. * * Boolean Expression Example From the equation: X 2 +9X+10 = 0 How can we check that value of X is the answer for above equation? Condition: Is value Y even number? ((X*X +9*X +10) == 0) //true if X is the answer (Y%2 == 0) //true if Y is even OR (Y%2 != 1) //true if Y is even * Boolean Expression

58. * * Example: Boolean Expressions double x = 4.0; Expression Value x < 5.0 ___________ x > 5.0 ___________ x <= 5.0 ___________ 5.0 == x ___________ x != 5.0 ___________ (3!=4)&&(7<5) ___________ (4>4)||(5<=10) ___________ true false true false true * Boolean Expression false true

59. * * Outline * Boolean expression if statement nested if statement switch case statement Flowchart

60. * * * if statement 10 ที่มาของภาพ http://www.ryt9.com/s/prg/774090

61. * * if statement Execute the specific statement when the ”condition” becomes true Syntax: if (condition) { statement; } if (condition) { statement1; statement2; } * if statement true

62. * * if statement Execute the specific statement when the ”condition” becomes true Syntax: if (condition) statement; if (condition) { statement1; statement2; } if (condition) { statement; } * if statement true

63. * * if statement * condition False True Statement if (condition) { statement; } if statement

64. * * * condition False True Statement if (condition) statement; if (condition) { statement; } if statement

65. * * * condition False True Statement1 Statement2 if (condition) { statement1; statement2; } if statement

66. * * * price = 40; if (height <= 140) { Console.WriteLine (“Hello Children!”); price = 0; } Console.WriteLine (“price ={0}”,price); 12 height<=140 Console.WriteLine (“Hello children”); true price = 0; false Console.WriteLine (“price = {0}”, price) price = 40;

67. * การควบคุมการไหลของโปรแกรม โปรแกรมทั่วไปจะทำงานเป็นเส้นตรง 14 x = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); y = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine(x+y) Console.WriteLine("Hello {0}",x) z = x * y + 10; Console.WriteLine(z)

68. * การควบคุมการไหลของโปรแกรม โปรแกรมที่ใช้คำสั่ง if 15 price = 40; if (height <= 140) { Console.WriteLine("Hello kids!"); price = 0; } Console.WriteLine("price={0}",price); เมื่อ height = 120 height <= 140 True False เมื่อ height = 160

69. * if – else statements 25 ที่มาของภาพ http://splinedoctors.com/2009/02/hurry-up-and- choose/

70. * คำสั่ง if-else คำสั่ง if คำสั่ง if-else 26

71. * * if…else… statement If condition is true → execute statement1 If condition is false → execute statement2 Syntax: if (condition) statement1; //true else statement2; //false if (condition) statement1; //true else { statement2; //false statement3; //false } * if statement

72. * * if…else… statement * condition False True Statement2 Statement1 if (condition) { statement1; //true } else { statement2; //false } if statement

73. * * if…else… statement * if (condition) { statement1; //true } else { statement2; //false statement3; //false } condition False True Statement2 Statement1 Statement3 if statement

74. * * if…else… statement example * Write the program which check input number. input : integer number output : message to inform that number is odd or even. Value in NOutput Even Number It’s even number. Odd Number It’s odd number. if statement

75. * * if…else… statement example * Value in NOutput Even Number It’s even number. Odd Number It’s odd number. if statement if(n%2 == 0) { Console.WriteLine(“It’s even number”); } else { Console.WriteLine(“It’s odd number”); }

76. * การควบคุมการไหลของ โปรแกรม 30 n % 2 == 0 True False Console.WriteLine ("It is an even number"); Console.WriteLine ("It is an odd number");

77. * * Test I * Write the program which decide result of the examination from student’s score input : number output : scoreoutput less than 50fail otherwisepass if statement

78. * * Test II * Write the program which find the value of function input : number output : f(x)x x 2 +1x<0 x+2x≥0 if statement

79. * * Thinking corner Write the program which decide type of integer input - positive, zero or negative integer. * x == 0 x > 0 x < 0

80. * * Outline * Boolean expression if statement nested if statement switch case statement FlowChart

81. * มุมนักคิด 34 x == 0 x > 0 x < 0 x > 0 True False True False x < 0

82. * * Nested if statement int N; N = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); if (N > 0) { Console.WriteLine(“N is positive number”); else if (N==0) Console.WriteLine(“N is zero number”); else Console.WriteLine(“N is negative number”); if#1 if#2 * Nested if statement

83. * * int N; N = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); if (N > 0) Console.WriteLine(“N is positive number”); else if (N==0) Console.WriteLine(“N is zero number”); else Console.WriteLine(“N is negative number”); N -4 -4 > 0 False N is negative number 0 > 0 True N is zero number True N is positive number * 3 3 3 > 0 0 0 Fals e

84. * * Nested if statement int N; N = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); if (N >= 0) { if (N==0) Console.WriteLine(“N is zero number”); else Console.WriteLine(“N is positive number”); } else Console.WriteLine(“N is negative number”); if#1 * Nested if statement if#2

85. * * Nested if statement int N; N = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); if (N >= 0) { if (N==0) Console.WriteLine(“N is zero number”); else Console.WriteLine(“N is positive number”); } else Console.WriteLine(“N is negative number”); -5 -5 >= 0 False N is negative number N -5 True ✓ ✓ False * 3 3 3 >= 0 N is positive number 0 0 0 >= 0 True ✓ N is zero number

86. * * Exercise 1: Separated IF (simple) if (eaten==true) {Console.WriteLine(“ I’ve already eaten”);} else {Console.WriteLine(“ I’ve not eat yet”);} if (like_noodle==true) {Console.WriteLine(“I like noodle”);} else {Console.WriteLine(“I don’t like noodle”);} 1. Have you eaten lunch? 2. Do you like noodle? *

87. * * if (like_noodle==true) {Console.WriteLine(“I like noodle”);} else { Console.WriteLine(“I don’t like noodle”); if (like_friedrice==true) {Console.WriteLine(“I like fried rice”);} else {Console.WriteLine(“I don’t like fried rice”);} } 1. Do you like noodle? 2. If you don’t like noodle, do you like fried rice? Exercise 2: Related two IF (full version) *

88. * * if (like_noodle==true) {Console.WriteLine(“I like noodle”);} else if (like_friedrice==true) {Console.WriteLine(“I like friedrice”);} else {Console.WriteLine(“I don’t like friedrice”);} 1. Do you like noodle? 2. If you don’t like noodle, do you like fried rice? Exercise 2: Related two IF (short version) *

89. * * if (like_noodle==true) {Console.WriteLine(“I like noodle”); if (love_SenYai==true) {Console.WriteLine(“I love Sen-Yai”);} else {Console.WriteLine(“I don’t love Sen-Yai”);} } else if (like_friedrice==true) {Console.WriteLine(“I like fried rice”);} else {Console.WriteLine(“I don’t like fried rice”);} 1. Do you like noodle? 1.1 If you like noodle, do you love Sen-Yai? 1.2 If you don’t like noodle, do you like fried rice? Exercise 3: Nested two IF (short version) *

90. * * Nested if statement example * Write the program which show student’s grade input : score of student output : ScoreGrade 80 – 100A 70 – 79B 60 – 69C 50 – 59D 0 – 49F Nested if statement

91. * if statement Test III Selfish Ratio RatioOutput More than 1 You are selfish 1 You break even Less than 1 You are giver Selfish Ratio = Recieving Giving

92. * * Test III * Write the program which calculation value of following function input : value of x output : function value of x according with... Nested if statement f(x) = 2x+10, x ≤ 5 x 2 +10, 5 < x ≤ 20 x 3 +10, x > 20

93. * * Outline * Boolean expression if statement nested if statement Flowchart

94. * * Flowchart Symbols Overview Graphical representation Terminator Process Input/output Condition Connector Flow line * Flowchart

95. * * Program Flowchart Example Start Statement1 Statement2 Statement3 Statement4 End * Flowchart

96. * * if statement flowchart statement1; if (condition) statement2; //true else { statement3; //false } statement4; Start Statement1 Condition Statement2Statement3 true false Statement4 End * Flowchart

97. * * if statement flowchart * n= int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); if (n>0) n= 2*n+5; else { Console.Write(“Go”); n = n%4; } Start n>0 n=2*n+5; true false n=n%4; End n=int.Parse(Console.ReadLine() ); Console. Write(“Go”) ;

98. * Any question?