1. Packet Classification using Rule Caching Author: Nitesh B. Guinde, Roberto Rojas-Cessa, Sotirios G. Ziavras Publisher: IISA, 2013 Fourth International Conference Presenter: Chih-Hsun Wang Date: 2014/12/10 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan R.O.C.

2. Introduction Different packet classification schemes have been developed but they require a number of memory accesses as classification is complex and memory is slow. We propose a scheme based on memory cache to support packet classification. We present various packet classification caching schemes for performing classification and provide the cache hit ratio results for various traffic models generated with Class bench. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 2

3. Method (1/9) Use the concept of caching of rules using the least- recently used (LRU) policy to replace information in the cache. Create two tries, one for the source IP and the other one for the destination IP Priority Bit (1) there does not exist any rule which could be matched if r is matched. (2) there exists no rule of higher precedence which could be matched if rule r is matched. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 3

4. Method (2/9) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 4

5. Method (3/9) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 5 R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6 R1,R2,R6 R4,R6 R5,R6 R3,R5,R6 R5,R6 R6

6. Method (4/9) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 6 R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6 R1,R2,R6 R4,R6 R5,R6 R3,R5,R6

7. Method (5/9) We can decrease the number of steps in trie traversing by directly checking the rules that could be matched and those that have a priority higher than the rules in the cache. To achieve this, we need to store two address pointers, the source IP trie address pointer and the destination IP trie address pointer. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 7

8. Method (6/9) Data Structure Source IP, Destination IP Source port range, Destination port range Protocol Flags Priority bit Source IP trie address, Destination IP trie address National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 8

9. Method (7/9) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 9 Incoming Packet Source IPDestination IPSource Port Des. Port 1100*111*617 Cache R1 R2 Search R2 will match in cache but it’s priority bit is 0 Rule #SIPDIPSPDPPBAP R11100*111*0:516:201S11,D6 R21100*111*0:6553516:200S11,D6

10. Method (8/9) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 10 Search Rule #SIPDIPSPDPPBAP R11100*111*0:516:201S11,D6 R21100*111*0:6553516:200S11,D6

11. Method (9/9) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 11 Search Rule #SIPDIPSPDPPBAP R11100*111*0:516:201S11,D6 R21100*111*0:6553516:200S11,D6 Incoming Packet Source IPDestination IPSource Port Des. Port 1100*111*617 match R2

12. Problem (1/3) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 12

13. Problem (2/3) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 13 Incoming Packet Source IPDestination IPSource PortDes. Port 69.63.137.23481.170.248.180750113 Best match R11

14. Problem (3/3) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 14 Incoming Packet Source IPDestination IPSource PortDes. Port 69.63.137.234Not 81.170.248.180750113 Best match R16

15. Solution (1/3) Create additional 256-bit vector and information about the dependent rules. Change the position of the bit pointed to by the value in the byte to 1. Keep the bit vector that contains the smallest number of 1’s along with the marker signifying the byte number of the bit vector National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 15

16. Solution (2/3) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 16 R16 for example Dependent rules: R11, R12, R13

17. Solution (3/3) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 17 R16 for example Pick

18. Implemented Method (1/17) Method I Use a simple LRU scheme. Use a priority bit without the 256-bit vector. Method II Use a simple LRU scheme. Use a priority bit and the 256-bit vector. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 18

19. Implemented Method (2/17) Method III Use the frequency-based replacement method. Cache is divided into three sections: NEW, MID and OLD sections. Every rule in the cache has a reference count associated with it. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 19

20. Implemented Method (3/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 20 NEW R1,1 MIDOLD R1 match

21. Implemented Method (4/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 21 NEW R2,1 R1,1 MIDOLD R2 match

22. Implemented Method (5/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 22 NEW R3,1 R2,1 R1,1 MIDOLD R3 match

23. Implemented Method (6/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 23 NEW R4,1 R3,1 R2,1 MID R1,1 OLD R4 match

24. Implemented Method (7/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 24 NEW R1,2 R4,1 R3,1 MID R2,1 OLD R1 match If the rule hit is in the MID section, then its count is incremented and the rule is moved to the head of the NEW section.

25. Implemented Method (8/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 25 NEW R4,1 R1,2 R3,1 MID R2,1 OLD R4 match The reference count of the rule is not incremented in the NEW and OLD sections.

26. Implemented Method (9/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 26 NEW R4,1 R1,2 R3,1 MID R2,1 R5,1 R6,1 OLD R7,1 R8,2 R9,1 R10 match If the cache is full, then we remove from the OLD section the rule that has the least count.

27. Implemented Method (10/17) Method IV Separate count for the rule in the main memory and cache. Do not cache the rule until the count for the rule crosses a threshold. Maintain a sampling window of T time slots (i.e., incoming packet counts). At every t=n*T, for n=1, 2, 3, …, we transfer into the cache the rules that have counts bigger than the chosen threshold. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 27

28. Implemented Method (11/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 28 Main Memory R1,3 R2,0 R3,0 R4,0 R5,0 R6,0 Incoming Packet match R1, R1, R1 Cache Threshold = 2, t = n*T, n = 1

29. Implemented Method (13/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 29 At every t=n*T, for n= 1, 2, 3, …, we transfer into the cache the rules that have counts bigger than the chosen threshold. F Main Memory R1,1 R2,0 R3,0 R4,0 R5,0 R6,0 Cache R1,1 Threshold = 2, t = n*T, n = 1

30. Implemented Method (14/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 30 Main Memory R1,1 R2,1 R3,1 R4,1 R5,1 R6,1 Cache R1,1 R3,1 R4,2 Threshold = 2, t = n*T, n = 1 Incoming Packet match R5, R6, R5

31. Implemented Method (15/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 31 Main Memory R1,1 R2,1 R3,1 R4,1 R5,3 R6,2 Cache R1,1 R3,1 R4,2 Incoming Packet match R5, R6, R5 Threshold = 2, t = n*T, n = 1

32. Implemented Method (16/17) National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 32 Main Memory R1,1 R2,1 R3,1 R4,1 R5,1 R6,2 Cache R5,1 R1,1 R4,1 Threshold = 2, t = n*T, n = 1 R3 has be replaced

33. Method V This method is very similar to the method III. Remove the MID section in the cache. Increment counts in the OLD section. The OLD section is very wide containing 768 locations. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 33 Implemented Method (17/17)

34. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 34 Experimental Results (1/4)

35. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 35 Experimental Results (2/4)

36. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 36 Experimental Results (3/4)

37. National Cheng Kung University CSIE Computer & Internet Architecture Lab 37 Experimental Results (4/4)