2. The Game – Evolution Vocab 1 Evidence Darwin & Others Types of Selection Speciation Vocab 2 100 200 300 400 500

3. Vocab 1 100 100 a change in the traits of a population because they adapted –evolution

4. Vocab 1 200 200 All of the individuals of the same species in an area –population

5. Vocab 1 300 300 Extinctions that happen continuously, but at a low overall rate –background extinction

6. Vocab 1 400 400 when two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other (ex. acacia tree and acacia ant) –coevolution

7. Vocab 1 500 500 when closely related species evolve in different habitats to become increasingly different (ex. kit fox and red fox) –divergent evolution

8. Evidence 100 100 The youngest, newest fossils would be found in what layer: –the top layer

9. Evidence 200 200 The study of the world and land forms is geography. What term describes the study and distribution of living things or organisms around the world? –biogeography

10. Evidence 300 300 This type of evidence compares the young forms (larvae) of different species; show similarities –embryological

11. Evidence 400 400 This terms describes organs or structures that no longer serve a function for an organism. (snake legs, appendix, ostrich wings) –vestigial structures

12. Evidence 500 500 These structures have a similar function to fit the same environment, but are not identical in structure (ex: bat wings and insect wings) –analogous structures

13. Darwin & Others 100 100 Darwin did the majority of his observations on what islands? –Galapagos Islands

14. Darwin & Others 200 200 Who believed that giraffe neck length was an acquired characteristic instead of an inherited characteristic? –Lamarck

15. Darwin & Others 300 300 What is the name of the book Charles Darwin wrote and what is the book about? –Origin of Species; natural selection

16. Darwin & Others 400 400 Which of the main 4 principles of natural selection is talking about how a species’ population has been changed over time through the selection of certain adaptations –descent with modification

17. Darwin & Others 500 500 A measure of all the genetic differences that are found in a certain population –variation

18. Types of Selection 100 100 When graphed, a normal distribution pattern can be described as a _____ curve –bell

19. Types of Selection 200 200 This type of selection favors one of the extremes, the whole population shifts one way (ex. humans becoming taller) –directional selection

20. Types of Selection 300 300 The type of selection in which BOTH extremes are favored (ex. bright blue AND dull brown bird coloration) –disruptive selection

21. Types of Selection 400 400 This type of selection is when the average phenotype is favored, and the extremes are eliminated (ex. medium sized galls for flies) –stabilizing selection

22. Types of Selection 500 500 Selection between genders; the female chooses a male based on bright color, dance, or showing off –intersexual

23. Speciation 100 100 What is the minimum amount of time it takes for a new species to form? –50 generations

24. Speciation 200 200 Name the two parts of the speciation theory. (What two things can cause new species to arise?) –mutation and isolation

25. Speciation 300 300 Which cells have altered DNA to bring a mutation to the next generation –sex cells (sperm or egg cells)

26. Speciation 400 400 When a river separates 2 species of lizards so they are not able to mate, it is called _________ _________. –geographic isolation

27. Speciation 500 500 When 2 species of birds do not mate because their breeding seasons are at different times (like the Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout) –temporal isolation

28. Vocab 2 100 100 When genes move from one population to another, keeping the populations more genetically similar –gene flow

29. Vocab 2 200 200 Different versions of the same type of gene (ex. B and b, long beaks vs short, freckles vs no freckles) –allele

30. Vocab 2 300 300 When there are episodes of speciation (forming of new species), followed by long periods of no change –punctuated equilibrium

31. Vocab 2 400 400 Something in the environment that cause a certain trait to be selected or selected against? (climate, food, competition, parasites, predators, disasters) –selection pressure

32. Vocab 2 500 500 When 2 different species evolve the same types of adaptations for a similar environment; they become more similar ( like a shark tail and dolphin tail, which are analogous structures) –convergent evolution