1. What Did Einstein Say About Light?
It is both a wave and a particle.

2. Louis de Broglie, (France, 1892-1987) Wave Properties of Matter (1923)
-Since light waves have a particle behavior (as shown by Einstein in the Photoelectric Effect), then particles could have a wave behavior.
-He suggested electrons could be considered waves confined to a space around an atomic nucleus

3. Light versus Electron Diffraction

4. Electrons: Waves and Particles?
Big problem …. If electrons are both particles and waves, then where are they in the atom?

5. Werner Heisenberg: Uncertainty Principle
We can not know both the position and momentum of a particle at a given time. (1927)

7. Erwin Schrodinger, 1925 Quantum (wave) Mechanical Model of the Atom
-Developed equation (wave equation)
that treated electrons in atoms as waves.
-Only waves of specific energies provided
solutions to his equation.
-Along with Heisenberg principle, this wave
equation laid the foundation for modern
quantum theory

8. Be Curious … Although Curiousity Killed the Cat
Schrodinger’s Cat
Hugh Everett

9. What Schrodinger’s Equation Means to Chemists
Electrons do not travel around the nucleus in neat orbits.
We only have a probability of finding an electron at a given
place around the nucleus.
-Electrons exist in orbitals that have three dimensional shapes.
These orbital shapes are described by the solutions to
Schrodinger’s wave equation for different energies.
-Property of orbitals can be described by 4 quantum numbers.

10. Four Quantum Numbers -Principal Quantum Number (n)
-Orbital Quantum Number (l)
-Magnetic Quantum Number (m)
-Spin Quantum Number