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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.1 Chapter 19 Amino Acids and Proteins 19.1 Proteins and Amino Acids
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.2 Functions of Proteins Proteins perform many different functions in the body.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.3 Amino Acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins contain a carboxylic acid group and an amino group on the alpha ( ) carbon are ionized in solution each contain a different side group (R)
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.4 Examples of Amino Acids
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.5 Types of Amino Acids Amino acids are classified as nonpolar with hydrocarbon side chains (hydrophobic) polar (neutral) with polar or ionic side chains (hydrophilic) polar (acidic) with acidic side chains (hydrophilic) polar (basic) with –NH 2 side chains (hydrophilic) Nonpolar Polar (neutral) AcidicBasic
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.6 Nonpolar Amino Acids A nonpolar amino acid has an R group that is H, an alkyl group, or aromatic.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.7 Polar (Neutral) Amino Acids A polar amino acid has an R group that is an alcohol, thiol, or amide.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.8 Polar (Acidic) and Polar (Basic) Amino Acids An amino acid is acidic with a carboxyl R group (COO – ) basic with an amino R group (NH 3 + )
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.9 Learning Check Identify each of the following as a polar (P) or nonpolar (NP) amino acid.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.10 Solution Polar (P) Identify each of the following as a polar (P) or nonpolar (NP) amino acid. Nonpolar (NP)
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.11 Fischer Projections of Amino Acids Amino acids are chiral except glycine, which has two H atoms attached to the alpha carbon atom have Fischer projections that are stereoisomers that are L isomers are used in proteins
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