1. Problems for chapter 11

2. Learning Check Identify each of the following characteristics as most
typical of compounds that are inorganic or organic.
___ 1. has a high melting point
___ 2. is not soluble in water
___ 3. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3
___ 4. has a formula MgCl2
___ 5. is flammable
___ 6. is nonpolar

3. Solution Identify each of the following characteristics as most
typical of compounds that are inorganic or organic.
inorganic 1. has a high melting point
organic 2. is not soluble in water
organic 3. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3
inorganic 4. has a formula MgCl2
organic 5. is flammable
organic 6. is nonpolar

4. Learning Check
Identify each of the following molecules as organic or inorganic.
A. C3H8
B. C7H14Cl2
C. CaCl2
D. CH3OH
E. SiH4

5. Solution
Identify each of the following molecules as organic or inorganic.
A. C3H8
B. C7H14Cl2
C. CaCl2
D. CH3OH
E. SiH4
organic
inorganic

6. Learning Check 1. Give the name of each of the following compounds.
A. CH3—CH3
B. CH3—CH2—CH3
C. CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3
2. Write the condensed structural formula of pentane.

7. Solution 1. Give the name of each of the following compounds.
A. CH3—CH3 ethane
B. CH3—CH2—CH3 propane
C. CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3 hexane
2. Write the condensed structural formula of pentane.
CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3

8. Learning Check 1. Draw the condensed structural formula of
A. What is its molecular formula?
B. What is its name?

9. Learning Check 1. Draw the condensed structural formula of
A. What is its molecular formula? C6H14
B. What is its name? hexane

10. Learning Check
Draw the condensed structural formula for the following alkanes.
A. ethane
B. heptane

11. Solution
Draw the condensed structural formula for the following alkanes.
A. ethane
B. heptane
CH3─CH3
CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3

12. Learning Check
The molecule testosterone contains five carbon rings. Answer the following questions about the molecule.
Name each of the cycloalkanes that can be found in this molecule.

13. Solution
The molecule testosterone contains five carbon rings. Answer the following questions about the molecule.
Name each of the cycloalkanes that can be found in this molecule.
cyclohexane
cyclopentane

14. Learning Check Name the following alkanes. A. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH3 B.
C. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3 D.

15. Learning Check Name the following alkanes. A. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH3 B.
C. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3 D.
butane
cyclobutane
octane
cyclohexane 15

16. Learning Check
Identify each pair of condensed structural formulas as structural isomers or the same molecule. A. B. C. 16

17. Solution
Identify each pair of condensed structural formulas as structural isomers or the same molecule. A.
structural isomers
structural isomers B. C.
same molecule 17

18. Learning Check
What is the alkane name of the following? 18

19. Solution What is the alkane name of the following?
Step 1 Write the alkane name of the longest chain of
carbon atoms.
4 C's = butane
Step 2 Number the carbon atoms starting from the
end nearer a substituent. 19

20. Solution What is the alkane name of the following?
Step 3 Give the location and name of each
substituent (alphabetical order) as a prefix
to the name of the main chain.
2-methylbutane 20

21. Learning Check
What is the IUPAC name for the following? 21

22. Solution What is the IUPAC name for the following?
Step 1 Write the alkane name of the longest chain
of carbon atoms.
5 C's = pentane
Step 2 Number the carbon
atoms starting from
the end nearer a
substituent. 22

23. Solution What is the IUPAC name for the following?
Step 3 Give the location and name of each
substituent (alphabetical order) as a prefix
to the name of the main chain.
3-chloro-2-methylpentane 23

24. Learning Check
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following. 24

25. Solution 2,4-dimethylhexane 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
more substituents on C3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
3,5-dichloro-3-methylheptane 25

26. Learning Check Draw the condensed structural formula for
3-bromo-1-chlorobutane. 26

27. Solution Draw the condensed structural formula for
3-bromo-1-chlorobutane.
Step 1 Draw the main chain of carbon atoms.
C─C─C─C
Step 2 Number the chain and place the substituents
on the carbons indicated by the numbers. 27

28. Solution Draw the condensed structural formula for
3-bromo-1-chlorobutane.
Step 3 Add the correct number of hydrogen atoms
to give four bonds to each C atom. 28

29. Learning Check
Name each of the following: 29

30. Solution Name each of the following: methylcyclopropane
3-chloro-1-ethylcyclohexane 30

31. Learning Check
Write three isomers of C5H12, and name each. 31

32. Solution A chain of 5 carbon atoms CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3 pentane
A chain of 4 carbon atoms and 1 carbon branch
2-methylbutane
A chain of 3 carbon atoms and 2 carbon branches
2,2-dimethylpropane 32

33. Learning Check For the following pairs of hydrocarbons, which one has
the higher boiling point? Why?
1. Butane or octane
2. Hexane or 2,3-dimethylbutane

34. Solution For the following pairs of hydrocarbons, which one has
the higher boiling point? Why?
1. Butane or octane
Octane (has more carbon atoms) and, therefore, a
higher boiling point.
2. Hexane or 2,3-dimethylbutane
Both alkanes have the same number of carbon atoms. Hexane is not branched and, therefore, has the higher boiling point.

35. Learning Check
Propane gas is used to provide heat for cooking. Write a balanced equation for the combustion of
propane.

36. Solution Propane gas is used to provide heat for cooking.
Write a balanced equation for the combustion of
propane.
Unbalanced equation:
Balance C:
Balance H:
Balance O:
To balance the atoms in the formula C3H8, we place a coefficient of 3 in front of CO2 and a coefficient of 4 in front of H2O. The total O in the products is 10 O (6 O in 3CO2 and 4 O in 4 H2O). To balance the 10 O, a coefficient of 5 is placed in front of the O2.

37. Learning Check
Write a balanced equation for the reaction for the complete combustion of heptane, C7H16.

38. Solution
Write a balanced equation for the reaction for the complete combustion of heptane, C7H16.
Balanced equation:

39. Learning Check
Classify each of the following as alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, or amine. A. B. C. D. E. 39

40. Learning Check
Classify each of the following as alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, or amine. A. B. C. D. E.
alcohol
ether
amine
carboxylic acid
ester 40