1. Episodic Memory (memory for episodes; also called autobiographical memory) Encoding Retrieval Encoding x Retrieval interactions Amnesia/Implicit memory Memory for natural settings

2. Episodic Memory (memory for episodes) Encoding Retrieval Encoding x Retrieval interactions Amnesia/Implicit memory Memory for natural settings

3. Episodic Memory (memory for episodes) Amnesia/Implicit memory Basics of amnesia A stunning finding

4. Materials Encoding Tasks Retrieval Tasks Subjects/Participants

5. Amnesia condition characterised by intact sensory functioning and relatively normal IQ; extraordinarily poor ability to remember events (episodes) and in some cases, learn new information almost always caused by some physical trauma to the brain timee Brain trauma occurs

6. Amnesia Two types of amnesia anterograde – inability to learn new information/remember new events after the trauma most often studied timee Brain trauma occurs

7. Amnesia Two types of amnesia retrograde – inability to remember events (sometimes information) prior to the trauma timee Brain trauma occurs

8. Amnesia How to Become an Amnesic 101

9. Amnesia How to Become an Amnesic 101 Closed head injury Open wound (penetration of the skull)

10. How to Become an Amnesic 101 Closed head injury Open wound (penetration of the skull)... more minor injuries – shrinking window Time 1e1 Brain trauma occurs Time 2e Brain trauma occurs

11. How to Become an Amnesic 101 Closed head injury Open wound (penetration of the skull)

12. How to Become an Amnesic 101 Closed head injury Open wound (penetration of the skull) Brain Tumor Stroke Encephalitis

13. How to Become an Amnesic 101 Closed head injury Open wound (penetration of the skull) Brain Tumor Stroke Encephalitis Anoxic episode Surgery

14. How to Become an Amnesic 101 Closed head injury Open wound (penetration of the skull) Brain Tumor Stroke Encephalitis Anoxic episode Surgery Alzheimer’s disease Huntington’s disease (chorea) Korsakoff’s syndrome

15. Amnesia Hippocampus structure deep in the brain very important for learning

16. Amnesia assessed in terms of a basic 2-store model

17. P(r) 1.0 0.0 Proportion of Items Recalled as a Function of List Position and Subject Type List Position 1.............. 16 Normal Amnesic

18. Amnesia fairly normal short-term memory original thought was that amnesics couldn’t transfer information from STS to LTS (info unavailable)

19. demo

20. parachute gondola yacht gargoyle magazine

21. revolver tentacle telephone champion liberty

22. pyramid conch jungle library coffee

24. k_w_ p_y_ho_o_y p_nc_ea_ g_n_ol_ m_r__ni c_s_e_ol_ c_am_io_ t_mp__me_t m__a_ine t_ntr_m _u_gl_ p_s_ry a_s_ssi_ p_r_mi_ l_be_t_

25. Amnesia Important work in late 1960s-early 1970s Warrington & Weiskrantz (1970) compared memory performance for normals (8) and amnesics (4) memory for 4 sets of 24 words (presented visually and auditorily) 1 set of words for each of four different tests

26. Warrington & Weiskrantz (1970) compared memory performance for normals (8) and amnesics (4) Control Amnesic Free recall 13.0 8.0 Recognition 18.710.5

27. Warrington & Weiskrantz (1970) compared memory performance for normals (8) and amnesics (4) Control Amnesic Free recall 13.0 8.0 Recognition 18.710.5 Fragmented words 11.111.5 Word stem completion 16.014.5 (e.g., 1 st 3 letters given)

28. Warrington & Weiskrantz (1970) Control Amnesic Free recall 13.0 8.0 Recognition 18.710.5 Fragmented words 11.111.5 Word stem completion 16.014.5 (e.g., 1 st 3 letters given) Amnesics impaired on free recall and recognition. Amnesics NOT impaired on the word identification/completion tests!

29. Warrington & Weiskrantz (1970) Amnesics impaired on free recall and recognition. Amnesics NOT impaired on the word identification/completion tests! (Note the dissociations.) Implication: Information transferred to LTM but not able to be retrieved. Reflects a retrieval problem (not encoding or storage).

30. Episodic Memory (memory for episodes) Encoding Retrieval Encoding x Retrieval interactions Amnesia/Implicit memory Memory for natural settings