1. Traumatic Brain Injury

2. Definitions n Brain Injury –Traumatic Brain Injury –Acquired Brain Injury n Head Injury –Open Head Injury –Closed Head Injury

3. Causes & Population Characteristics n Young, male n MVA, Falls, Sports, Assaults, Other

4. Anatomy & Physiology

5. Mechanisms of Brain Injury n Coup-Contrecoup n Rotational Forces n Shearing/Diffuse Axonal Injury n Hematoma n Increased Intracranial Pressure n Anoxia n Seizures

6. Glasgow Coma Scale n Eye Opening n Best Verbal Response n Best Motor Response

7. Coma and Post-Traumatic Amnesia (PTA)

8. Physical Problems n Headaches n Seizures n Decreased Muscle Strength & Coordination n Spasticity n Contractures n Balance

9. Physical Problems Continued n Vision, Speech, Hearing, Smell, Taste Impairments n Sleep Impairment & Fatigue

10. Cognitive Impairments n Memory n Initiation n Overstimulation n Perceptual Dysfunction n Processing Deficits n Attention & Concentration n Communication Deficits n Comprehension

11. Cognitive Impairments Continued n Planning & Problem Solving n Organization & Sequencing n Impulsivity n Judgement

12. Behavior Disorders n Low frustration Tolerance n Emotional Lability n Agitation n Aggression n Self-centeredness n Difficulty in interpersonal interactions n Anosagnosia n Depression

13. Behavior Disorders Continued n Substance Abuse n Hypersexuality & Hyposexuality

14. Rancho Los Amigos Levels n Level 1 - No response n Level 2 - Generalized Response n Level 3 - Localized Response n Level 4 - Confused and Agitated n Level 5 - Confused, inappropriate but not agitated n Level 6 - Confused but appropriate n Level 7 - Automatic, appropriate n Level 8 - Purposeful and Appropriate

15. Rehabilitation n Case Manager n Physiatrist n Rehabilitation Nurse n Psychologist/Neuropsychologist n Physical Therapist n Occupational Therapist n Speech Therapist n Recreation Therapist

16. Rehabilitation Continued n Rehabilitation Counselor n Others e.g. Nutritionist, Neuro- ophthalmologist, etc.

17. Brain Injury Association, Inc. n biausa.org