1. Powered By Powered by: Simulating Regeneration Dynamics in Upland Oak Stands USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Dr. David Loftis

2. Powered By Powered by: USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Dr. David Loftis Regen for Excel is a simulation model that using rankings of expected postharvest performance to predict species composition of dominant and codominant trees twenty years following complete overstory removal

3. Powered By Powered by: USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Dr. David Loftis

4. Scenario 1: Midstory Present, No Yellow-Poplar Seed Source Density of Advance Seedling Reproduction by Species and Height Class (ft) prior to complete overstory removal SpeciesSmallMediumLargeTotal (< 2 ft tall) (2 to 4 ft tall)(> 4ft tall) Red Maple600 3001500 Sugar Maple300 0600 White Oak2001000300 Red Oak30015020470 A. Beech200150130480 Total160013004503350

5. Scenario 1: Midstory Present, No Yellow-Poplar Seed Source Species composition of dominant/codominant canopy trees twenty years following overwood removal

6. Scenario 2: Midstory Present, Yellow-Poplar Seed Source Present Species composition of dominant/codominant canopy trees twenty years following overwood removal

7. Scenario 3: No Midstory Present, Yellow-Poplar Seed Source Present Density of Advance Seedling Reproduction by Species and Height Class (ft) prior to complete overstory removal SpeciesSmallMediumLargeTotal (< 2 ft tall) (2 to 4 ft tall)(> 4ft tall) Red Maple60000 Sugar Maple30000 White Oak2001000300 Red Oak30015020470 A. Beech20000 Total1600250201870

8. Scenario 3: No Midstory Present, Yellow-Poplar Seed Source Present Species composition of dominant/codominant canopy trees twenty years following overwood removal

9. Scenario 4: Shade tolerant understory and midstory trees removed, Yellow-Poplar Seed Source Present Density of Advance Seedling Reproduction by Species and Height Class (ft) prior to complete overstory removal SpeciesSmallMediumLargeTotal (< 2 ft tall) (2 to 4 ft tall)(> 4ft tall) Red Maple0000 Sugar Maple0000 White Oak2001000300 Red Oak30015020470 A. Beech0000 Total50025020770

10. Scenario 4: Shade tolerant understory and midstory trees removed, Yellow-Poplar Seed Source Present Species composition of dominant/codominant canopy trees twenty years following overwood removal

11. Powered By Powered by: Simulating Regeneration Dynamics in Upland Oak Stands USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Dr. David Loftis Simulations underscore: Importance of having competitive advance oak reproduction present prior to final overstory removal Role of silvicultural treatments in controlling competing vegetation and enhancing the competitive position of oak reproduction