1. 1 Landscape Generation with L-Systems By: David Cole Supervisor: Jon McCormack

2. 2 Project Overview What? Model with visual realism the interaction between plants and their environment. Why? Has a large range of applications  Architectural and Design  Conservation of an ecological system  Video games

3. 3 Background Information EcoSys An integrated system that generates realistic environmental images based upon user specified input.  Plant densities and terrain formation. Used L-Systems to generate the plant models. Main focus visual realism

4. 4 Example: By: Oliver Duessen (and Researchers) – Realistic Modelling and Rendering of Plant Ecosystem (River Scene)

5. 5 Methodology Terrain Generation Resource Allocation Plant Distribution and Growth Scene Generation Plant/Trees Modelling Scene Rendering

6. 6 Terrain Generation Generate visually interesting terrain. Terrain generated with a midpoint displacement algorithm “Diamond Square”. The algorithm operates as by sub-division an area and displacing the terrain by a random amount. movies\terrain\terrain2.avi

7. 7 Resource Allocation Resources are allocated to each grid point. Resources Include:  Water  Carbon  Minerals Try and emulate varying soil types within the terrain. Examples  Water Water  Carbon Carbon  Phosphors Phosphors  Potassium Potassium  Calcium Calcium

8. 8 Plant Distribution Plant competition is simulated with a modified Firbank and Watkinson algorithm. Each plant presented by a sphere. If 2 spheres intersect, then they are competing. movies\plant animations\plant_sprea d2.avimovies\plant animations\plant_sprea d2.avi movies\plant animations\plant_sprea d1.avimovies\plant animations\plant_sprea d1.avi

9. 9 Plant Growth Each plant acquires resources from terrain and sun. Carbon dioxide, minerals and water extracted from the ground. Sunlight calculated based upon plants elevation and intersection. If an intersection occurs: Otherwise the plant receives the a proportion of the sun (depending on the number of leaves for the plant).

10. 10 Plant Modelling Performed using L- Systems. L-Systems are a rewriting process that generates a string of characters based upon a set of production rules.

11. 11 L-System Example: Axiom = F Production Rule: F -> FF+[+F-F-F]-[-F+F+F] 1 st Iteration – String = F 2 nd Iteration – String = FF+[+F-F-F]-[-F+F+F] 3 rd Iteration – String = FF+[+F-F-F]-[-F+F+F] FF+[+F-F-F]-[- F+F+F]+[+ FF+[+F-F-F]-[-F+F+F]- FF+[+F-F-F]-[-F+F+F]- FF+[+F- F-F]-[-F+F+F]]-[- FF+[+F-F-F]-[-F+F+F]+ FF+[+F-F-F]-[-F+F+F]+ FF+[+F-F-F]-[-F+F+F]] So for every F which exists in the string is replaced with FF+[+F-F-F]-[- F+F+F] for each iteration, while the characters []+- are just replaced.

12. 12 Scene Rendering movies\final animations\final1.avi movies\final animations\secondfinal1.avi

13. 13 Conclusion Simulating mineral and water concentrations. Extension of an existing plant competition model Plant growth model Sunlight acquisition model L-System parser Plant clustering

14. 14 Future Work More realistic terrain generation method.  Noise synthesis, FFT’s and Multi-set fractals Complete L-System Parser Weather Model