1. Chapter 5- Early Childhood Body and Mind

2. Body Changes Growth Patterns Grooming Patterns Nutrition Overfeeding
Just right
What do we feed kids

3. Many children are deficient in the following:
Calcium
Iron
Zinc
Vitamin A
Vitamin C

4. Servings Calcium 1 cup of calcium fortified oj
2 one inch cubes of cheese
2 tablespoons of shredded cheese
½ cup plain, low-fat yogurt (< 30 g of sugar)
Iron
1 two ounce hamburger with ketchup
½ cup Cream of Wheat sprinkled with cinnamon and sugar served with ¼ cup OJ
An egg
A slice of whole wheat bread
Zinc
1 scrambled egg served with ½ slice of tasting whole wheat bread
¼ cup baked beans
½ cup plain yogurt or milk
3 ounces of red meat
3 ounces of turkey
Vitamin A
3 to 4 spears of raw broccoli served with moderate amount of dipping sauce
1 burger (made with ground beef and ground veggies
Vitamin C
½ cup of strawberry smoothie
6 to 8 orange slices
Pasta with 1/3 cup tomato sauce

5. Body, cont. Motor Skills Spontaneous development
PLAY IS WORK AND WORK IS PLAY!
By age 6
ride tricycles
climb ladders
pump their legs on swings
throw, catch, and kick balls.
Advancing motor skills

6. Brain Development
Size of brain
Speed of brain

7. Brain Development

8. Thinking During Early Childhood
Piaget: Preoperational Thought
Previous stage: sensorimotor. Linked to senses and motor skill development.
Preoperational means “before (pre) logical operations (reasoning processes).”
Symbolic thinking

9. Thinking, cont. Egocentrism Centration Animism Static Reasoning
Irreversibility
Conservation
Vygotsky- Social Learning
Zone of proximal development
Scaffolding

10. Language
Vocabulary
Language is pivotal to every kind of cognition in early childhood.
Early childhood is a sensitive period.
The average child knows about 500 words at age 2 and more than 10,000 at age 6.
Fast mapping

11. Early Childhood Education
Child-Centered Programs
Stress children’s natural inclination
Self-paced exploration and artistic expression.
Opportunities to tell stories, draw, paint, dance, build, make music
WORK IS PLAY AND PLAY IS WORK
Teacher-Directed Programs
Characteristics of high quality early childhood eduction

12. Injuries and Maltreatment
Accidents
Accidents are the leading cause of death worldwide for people under age 40.
Injury control/harm reduction- Practices that are aimed anticipating, controlling, and preventing dangerous activities.
Levels of prevention

13. Injuries and Maltreatment
Child maltreatment
Intentional harm to or avoidable endangerment of anyone under 18 years of age.
Child abuse
Deliberate action that is harmful to a child’s physical, emotional, or sexual well-being.
Child neglect
Failure to meet a child’s basic physical, educational, or emotional needs.
Consequences of maltreatment