1. Cell Structure Notes & Study Guide
Plant & Animal Cells

2. Cell Theory Cells are the building blocks of all living things
can be single-celled (called protozoa)
can be multi-celled, where they have a specific function
All life processes take place in cells
Energy production
Growth & reproduction
New cells are produced from existing ones
Cells divide into 2, then into 2 more… =exponential growth

3. Parts of a Cell
Organelles = structures that perform specific functions in cells
Cytoplasm = clear fluid surrounding organelles
Differences between Plant & Animal Cells:
Cell wall (plants)
Large single vacuole (plants)
Chloroplasts (plants)

4. Functions of the Organelles
Cell Wall- The cell wall is an outer layer that surrounds and protects the cell and it also gives the cell its shape
Cell Membrane- material that holds the contents of the cell inside
Vacuole - organelle that stores nutrients and waste
Chloraplast- organelles found only in plant cells that produce plant’s food (sugar)
Cytoplasm - clear, jelly-like substance that holds organelles in place
Nucleus- cell’s control center
Contains chromosomes with DNA which contain the chemical instructions of life
Mitochondria - organelles that release energy (H2O, CO2) from combo of food and oxygen
DNA: - chemical that tells functions of life to cell
Others Not Included in Science Book
Ribosome - make protein for cell
Golgi Apparatus - pack and carry proteins for cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum - an organelle for cell reactions

5. The Cells We’re Studying:
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
E.R.
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Nucleus
Golgi
Nucleus
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Golgi
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
E.R.

6. Animal Cell Nucleus Pore Chromosomes Nuclear membrane Microtubules
*ER : produces proteins
and lipids for the
cell's organelles
Rough contains Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Contain DNA
Nucleus Pore
Nuclear membrane
controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
Microtubules
Structural basis of the cells, used in mitosis
Nucleus
Control Center
Cell Membrane
Controls what substances enter & leave cell
Nucleolus
regulates all cell activity by controlling the enzymes present.
Centriole
Pull apart chromosoes during mitosis
Rough ER*
Mitochondria
Creates energy
Golgi apparatus
FedEx: Transport System
Vacuoles
Stores nutrients and waste
Cytoplasm
Clear fluid
Smooth ER*
Ribosomes
Make Proteins

7. Plant Cell Nuclear membrane Cell wall Nucleus Nuclear pore DNA
controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
Cell wall
Nucleus
Control Center
Nuclear pore
DNA
Provides cell instructions for reproduction
Nucleolus
regulates all cell activity by controlling the enzymes present.
Cell Membrane
Controls what substances enter & leave cell
Rough ER*
Chloroplast
Make sugars for food
Smooth ER*
*ER : produces proteins
and lipids for the
cell's organelles
Rough contains Ribosomes
Some Plant Cells have a centriole
Cytoplasm
Clear fluid
Golgi apparatus
FedEx: Transport System
Microtubules
Structural basis of the cells, used in mitosis
Vacuole
Stores nutrients and waste
Mitochondria
Creates energy
Ribosomes
Make Proteins

8. Animal vs. Plant: What’s the Difference?
Animal Cell Characteristics
Plant Cell Characteristics
Small vacuole
No cell wall
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
DNA
Chromosomes
Golgi Bodies
Ribosome
E.R.
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
BIG vacuole
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
DNA
Chromosomes
Golgi Bodies
Ribosome
E.R

9. Name all of the organelles in the plant cell with BLUE shape by their label.
WORD BOX
Cell Wall Nucleus
Cytoplasm Chloroplast
Mitochondria Vacuole
7. Cell Membrane

10. Animal Cell

11. Eukaryote
have a nucleus (protists, fungi, plants, and animals)

12. Prokaryote
lack a nucleus (most bacteria)

13. ORGANELLES OF THE CELL Nucleus The main control center of the cell
Cytoplasm
The jelly-like substance inside of the cell keeping the cell inflated, and allows flow of nutrients
Nucleolus
A small circular structure within the Nucleus which produces Ribosomes and proteins
Cell Membrane
Allows transfer of nutrients and oxygen, and acts as a filter

14. ORGANELLES OF THE CELL Cell Wall (plant cell only)
Provides structural support
and protects the cell
Ribosomes
The small particles containing RNA and other proteins, these are found in the cytoplasm of the cell
Mitochondria
The part of the cell that makes food into energy

15. ORGANELLES OF THE CELL Lysosome
The part of the cell that contains digestive enzymes
Chloroplast (plant cell only)
The part of the cell that produces the
green coloring and performs
photosynthesis
Golgi
The part of the cell that modifies proteins for specific functions and prepares them for transport to other parts of the cell

16. ORGANELLES OF THE CELL Vacuole
An area within the cell that stores food and/or waste of the cell

17. Parts of a Microscope

18. Examples of Protozoa
Hydra
Paramecium
Daphnia

19. Cell Family Tree Cells Prokaryote (no Nucleus) Bacteria Eukaryote
(have a Nucleus)
Protozoa
Plant
Animal

20. Multicellular Organisms: 5 Structural Levels of Organization
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
building block of life
Perform a specific function
Perform a specific job –
made of at least 2 types of tissue
Complete living thing that relies on cells for life functions

21. Specialized Cells
Muscle Cell
Nerve Cell
Blood Cells

22. Cell Reproduction Cells Reproduce Through Two Processes:
Mitosis= asexual reproduction
A 6 step process where body cells reproduce by cell division.
Create exact replicas of themselves for building tissues
Examples: muscle cells, skin cells, nerve cells, blood cells
Also Protozoa create exact replicas of themselves by cell division

23. Cell Reproduction
Meiosis = Sexual Reproduction
A 9 step process involving multiplication then division of cells.
The reproductive process where new cells and organisms are formed
Chromosomes from both parents are mixed when the sperm and egg cells combine to produce a fertilized egg

24. Comparison of Mitosis (cell growth) vs. Meiosis (cell reproduction):

25. Mitosis

26. Meiosis