1. NORDUnet 2000 Commercial Pan-European Networks Helsinki, 29 September 2000 Frode Greisen, GTS fg@ebone.net

2. European fibre networks five years ago DT + FT BT + KPN Telia + Telecom Finland …...

3. European fibre networks today

4. Internet backbones Built over fibre networks Ebone as an example

5. Ebone history customers and points of presence

6. Ebone history capacities and volumes, logarithmic scale

7. GTS - The Backbone of the Internet in Europe Ebone IP Backbone 2.5 Gbps Sub 2.5 Gbps Backhaul Connection IP Node IP Node and IX presence European ISP Madrid Bilbao Barcelona Toulouse Bordeaux Marseille Lyon Turin Geneva Dublin Milan Budapest Bratislava Zurich Basel Strasbourg Munich Hamburg Amsterdam Warsaw Luxembourg Stuttgart Berlin Prague Copenhagen Gothenburg Oslo Vienna Dresden Frankfurt Nuremberg Stockholm Dusseldorf Hannover Moscow Brussels Lille Antwerp Rotterdam New York Cologne London Bracknell Paris Bucharest St Petersberg Pennsauken Valencia Heidelberg 12 x STM-1 6 x STM-1 Sprint GTE Sprint NAP

8. European fibre networks today

9. Backbone history prices

10. Typical service level agreements Availability (99.x%) Transit times (20 ms Europe, 60 ms EU-US) Packet loss/queue length (0 - 5%) Jitter ? Rest of the world (off-net) ?

13. The future ?

14. Borderless networks National telecom dominance has nearly disappeared (on the long haul routes) Competition and lower prices on the popular routes Less difference between national and international prices, if any

15. Bandwidth growth factors More users more time on the net higher demand on response time more web browsing new applications (e.g. digital photos) new devices on the net (e.g. mobile) streaming applications

16. Bandwidth growth factors last mile upgrades –cable, dsl, fixed wireless, MANs, fibre to the kerb/home

17. Backbone growth options Add parallel links upgrade from 2.5 to 10 Gbps finer mesh ?? add parallel links new technical developments

18. No end in sight !