1. Unit 6 Reconstruction 1864-1877 Rebuilding of the South after the Civil War

2. Civil War → Reconstruction
Pres. Abraham Lincoln inaugurated for second term on March 4, 1865
General Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865

3. First Steps Toward Reunion
Wade-Davis Bill
Required majority of white men in each southern state to swear loyalty to Union
Denied right to vote or hold office anyone who had volunteered to fight for Confederacy
Lincoln refused to sign the bill

4. First Steps Toward Reunion
10% Plan
Southern state could form a new government after 10% of voters swore an oath of loyalty to the U.S.
State’s new government
Had to abolish slavery
Then elected members to Congress

5. John Wilkes Booth
Pres. Lincoln shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 while watching a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington, DC

6. Andrew Johnson – 17th President of U.S.
1 term:
Republican Party
13th Amendment
14th Amendment

7. Reconstruction: 1864-1877 13th Amendment 14th Amendment Ended slavery
Banned slavery in U.S.
14th Amendment
Made former slaves citizens
Made discrimination illegal

8. Andrew Johnson – 17th President of U.S.
Midterm election of 1866 disaster for Pres. Johnson
Radical Republicans win majorities in Congress
Passed several acts over Johnson’s veto

9. Andrew Johnson – 17th President of U.S.
Radical Republicans
2 main goals:
Break power of rich southern planters
Ensure freed slaves right to vote

10. Andrew Johnson – 17th President of U.S.
Impeached by House of Representatives on Feb. 24, 1868
Senate found him not guilty
One vote short of 2/3 majority

11. Ulysses S. Grant – 18th President of U.S.
2 terms:
Republican Party
15th Amendment

12. Reconstruction: 1864-1877 15th Amendment
Gave former slaves right to vote (men only)
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

13. Reconstruction: 1864-1877 Carpetbaggers Scalawags Sharecroppers
Northerners who moved to the South to work for Reconstruction
Scalawags
White southerners who supported Reconstruction
Sharecroppers
Rent land to grow food & give owner share of crops
Ku Klux Klan
Secret organization
White southerners use fear & violence to keep African Americans from voting or entering politics

14. Reconstruction:
By 1872, most former Confederates were again allowed to vote
By late 1870s, conservative whites had regained control of the South
Northerners grew weary of trying to change the South
Time to let Southerners run their own government again, even if African Americans lose rights gained
Government of the Southern states was once again in the hands of the Southerners

15. End of Reconstruction Election of 1876
Samuel Tilden – Democratic candidate
Won popular vote
One electoral vote short of number needed to win election
Rutherford B. Hayes – Republican candidate
Promised to end Reconstruction
Selected by Congress to be President

16. Rutherford B. Hayes – 19th President of U.S.
1 term:
Republican Party
Removed remaining Federal troops from the South

17. End of Reconstruction
Southern white conservatives use violence to keep African Americans from voting
Voting restrictions in Southern states
Poll taxes
Voters pay tax each time they vote
Literacy tests
Prove a voter could read & write
Grandfather clauses
Excused voters from poll taxes or literacy tests if voter’s father or grandfather had voted before 1867

18. End of Reconstruction Segregation became law of the South
Jim Crow laws
Laws separating whites and blacks
schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, hospitals, cemeteries
1896 Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court said segregation was legal if facilities were equal

19. End of Reconstruction
Laws passed during Reconstruction (such as 14th Amendment) became basis of civil rights movement almost 100 years later