1. Structure and Functions of Microorganisms
Classification of Life - Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes - Bacteria, Parasites, Fungi & Viruses

2. Classification of Life

3. What’s the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
ThinkWell Video
What’s the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Organisms without a cell nucleus or any other membrane bound organelle
DNA found in the nucleoid within the cytoplasm of organism.
Examples: Bacteria and Archaea.
Organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures organelles.
DNA found in the nucleus.
Examples: Plants, Animals, Fungus, and Protist
1. pro—means “before” karyo—means kernel or nut
2. pro—have no membrane bound organelles; eu—have membrane bound organelles

4. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

5. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes - Animal
Prokaryotes - Bacteria

6. Review of Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes & Classification of Life.
Brain Pop- Cell Specialization, Six Kingdoms

7. BACTERIA

8. Bacteria – Quick Facts Size – Single Cell (1-2 micrometers)
Shape – Spiral, Rod-like, Corkscrew, Spherical
Structure – Prokaryotic Cell (No Nucleus)
Food – By absorbing nutrients from the material they live on or in. (Heterotrophs)
Movement – Flagella and Pili.

9. Bacteria - Introduction
Bacteria can live in a variety of places (with oxygen, without oxygen, extreme hot, extreme cold). Extreme Bacteria = Archaea.

10. Bacteria - Reproduction
Bacteria reproduce through binary fission.
Under optimal conditions, bacteria can grow and divide extremely rapidly, and bacterial populations can double very quickly.

11. Bacteria - Diseases
Millions of bacteria live on the skin and in the intestines.
The vast majority of bacteria do not cause disease, and many bacteria are actually helpful and even necessary for good health.
Harmful bacteria that cause bacterial infections and disease are called pathogenic bacteria.
Bacterial diseases occur when pathogenic bacteria get into the body and begin to reproduce and crowd out healthy bacteria.

12. Streptococcal bacteria
Bacteria - Diseases
Examples:
Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella cause food poisoning.
Streptococcal bacteria cause a variety of infections in the body, including pneumonia, meningitis, ear infections, and strep throat.
E. coli
Salmonella
Streptococcal bacteria

13. Bacteria – Shape/Type Spherical, Rod-like, Spiral, Corkscrew
Spherical – Known as cocci.
Strep Throat
Rod-like – Known as bacilli
Salmonella
Spiral – Known as spirilla
Oceanospirllum
Corkscrew – Known as helical
Lyme Disease - Borellia

14. Bacteria - Treatment
Antibiotics are used to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Biotics—of or having to do with life or living organisms
Because antibiotics have been overused, many diseases that were once easy to treat are becoming more difficult to treat.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria occurs when mutant bacteria survive an antibiotic treatment and give rise to a resistant population.

15. Bacteria Wrap Up
Brain Pop – Bacteria, Antibiotic Resistance

16. PARASITES

17. Parasites – Quick Facts
Size – 70% of all parasites that can live in the human body are MICROSCOPIC - only 30% are visible to the naked eye.
Shape – bacterial, fungal, protist, macro organisms
Structure – specialized anatomically and physiologically to exploit host
Food – live on or in a host’s body
Movement – food, water, blood, vectors

18. Parasite – How does it live and grow?
Natural selection favors adaptations that allow a parasite to efficiently exploit its host.
Tapeworms are so specialized for a parasitic lifestyle that they do not even have a digestive system.
They live in the small intestine of their host and absorb nutrients directly through their skin.

19. Parasites - Disease
Infectious disease may also be caused by animal parasites, which may take up residence in the intestines, bloodstream, or tissues.
Male Tick
Lyme Disease
Malaria

20. FUNGI

21. Fungi – Quick Facts Size – 2-10 um, 20-25 cm
Shape – cell walls with chitin
Structure – hyphae with spores attached
Food – heterotrophic
Movement – spores in the air

22. Fungi
Fungi are eukaryotic, non-photosynthetic organisms, and most are multicellular heterotrophs.
Truffle
Mushrooms
Lichen

23. Fungi - Reproduction
Sexually (similar to plants) and Asexually (producing spores).
When the environment is favorable, asexual reproduction ensures an increased spread of the species.

24. Fungi - Diseases
Fungi can sometimes attack the tissues of living plants and animals and cause disease.
Fungal disease is a major concern for humans because fungi attack not only us but also our food sources, making fungi competitors with humans for nutrients.
Athlete’s Foot
Blight Fungus

25. Fungi - Diseases
Mold spores can cause mild to serious allergies in some people. Billions of mold spores can become airborne and may then be inhaled, triggering an allergic reaction.
Mold Spores
Mold Spores

26. Fungi - Treatment
Athlete's foot is treated with topical antifungal medication (a drug placed directly on the skin) in most cases. Severe cases may require oral drugs (those taken by mouth). The feet must be kept clean and dry since the fungus thrives in moist environments.

27. Fungi - Activities
Brain Pop

28. VIRUS

29. Virus – Quick Facts Size – 0.03-.003 micrometers (um)
Shape – helical, polyhedral, enveloped
Structure –protein coat with DNA or RNA
Food – host cell ???????
Movement – vectors, blood, air, contact, water, food

30. Virus
Viruses are non-living particles composed of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat.
Are much smaller than bacteria

31. Virus - Structure
The term virus comes from the Latin word that means “poison”.
Consist of genetic material contained inside a protective protein called a capsid.

32. Virus - Reproduction Viruses need a host cell to reproduce.
Viruses are not living.

33. Harmful Viruses
Viral illnesses range from mild fevers to some forms of cancer and include several other severe and fatal diseases.
Polio, Smallpox, diphtheria, HIV, influenza, Ebola, West Nile, mononucleosis, measles/mumps
Polio
Mononucleosis

34. Harmful Viruses
Ebola
HIV

35. Viral Transmission
Viral diseases are among the most widespread illnesses in humans.
Transmission of these illnesses varies; some are transmitted by human contact, while others are transmitted through water or an insect bite.
Sometimes the host cell is killed sometimes it is not.
Sometimes a virus is harmful sometimes it is not.

36. Virus – Treatment/Prevention
When you get a virus your body fights it off and builds immunities against it in the form of antibodies.
Vaccines and some anti-viral drugs are used to control and prevent the spread of viral diseases.

37. Why are viruses not listed on here?

38. Vector
Mechanisms or organisms (excluding humans) that spread diseases without showing symptoms.
Latin word meaning “carrier”.

39. Disease
a disease outbreak happens when a disease occurs in greater numbers than expected in a community or region, or during a season.
An outbreak may occur in one community or even extend to several countries.
It can last from days to years.
Sometimes a single case of a contagious disease is considered an outbreak.