1. CH. 3 ~ CELLS

2. Bacteria vs. Viruses Living cells vs. non-living protein and nucleic acids Ch. 18 Pages 331-353

3. Bacteria Facts Prokaryotic –S–Small, no nucleus, kingdoms Archeabacteria and Eubacteria 3.5 billion years old Live everywhere on planet –A–Antarctic ice, deep-sea volcanic vents, organisms Reproduce rapidly Some are autotrophs, others are heterotrophs Beneficial and harmful

4. How Bacteria Affect Humans Decompsers – break down material Nitrogen Fixation – fix nitrogen for plants Food – yogurt, olives, pickles Drugs - insulin Cause disease – (pathogen = disease causing agent) TB, bubonic plague, Lyme disease Cause illness – botulism, salmonella, E. Coli

5. Controlling Bacterial Diseases Antibiotics (penicillin) and vaccination (tetanus) Sanitation Cooking/Refrigeration

6. Bacterial Resistance 1. When strong bacteria survive doses of antibiotics. 2. The strong bacteria survive and pass this strength (immunity) on to their offspring 3. Eventually all bacteria have a resistance to an antibiotic and a stronger one must be used

7. Viruses – microscopic particles that invade cells. Not a cell/not living –*ANTIBIOTICS CANNOT TREAT VIRUSES Vaccination provides protection against viruses Contain a recognizable, and highly mutable (changeable) protein coat Causes flu, colds, HIV, polio, smallpox Can be used for gene therapy (article on ALD)

8. Viral Reproduction Viruses seize control of cells, use their genetic material to make more viruses and kill the cell, releasing the new viruses to infect other cells After reading Ch. 18, please complete the following questions on pages 352-353 in your text: (due Thurs. 11/12) #1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14