1. K IDS ’ F EET : P ODOPEDIATRICS Dr. Dennis R. Frisch 561-395-4243

2. O UTLINE Growth, Anatomy, and Development Common Conditions at Birth Common Early Childhood Conditions Treatment Methods Common Nail and Skin Conditions Conditions Affecting Growth Centers Common Injuries Other Issues

3. G ROWTH, A NATOMY, AND D EVELOPMENT At birth, an infant’s legs are rotated outward. At birth, a child’s legs are relatively short when compared to the overall length of the body.

4. G ROWTH, A NATOMY, AND D EVELOPMENT As growth occurs, the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (lower leg bone) untwist. Foot growth from birth until age two is fairly rapid. Feet double in length from birth to age four.

5. G ROWTH, A NATOMY, AND D EVELOPMENT At birth, there are relatively few bones in the foot. With maturity, new areas of growth appear. Every newborn should be examined carefully in the hospital for any potential foot or leg problems. Another examination of the feet and legs should be done at 4-6 months of age.

6. G ROWTH, A NATOMY, AND D EVELOPMENT Most children walk unassisted by 10-18 months. Most conditions associated with flat feet, bowlegs, knock knees, leg length differences, and ankle problems become obvious with standing.

7. G ROWTH, A NATOMY, AND D EVELOPMENT Final bone development can be determined by gender, heredity, and the nature of the child’s foot structure. Annual visits to the podiatrist will help identify and allow treatment of most conditions.

8. C OMMON C ONDITIONS AT B IRTH Club foot Reverse club foot (Calcaneal valgus) Rocker bottom foot Metatarsus adductus (turned-in foot)

9. C OMMON C ONDITIONS AT B IRTH Overlapping toes Webbed toes (Syndactyly) Extra toes (Polydactyly) Long toes or short toes

10. C OMMON E ARLY C HILDHOOD C ONDITIONS In-toeing (Pigeon-toed) Out-toeing (Duck or Slew-footed) Bowlegs/Knock knees Hyper-extension of the knees Leg length differences

11. C OMMON E ARLY C HILDHOOD C ONDITIONS Tight heel cord (Equinus) Night cramps Low-arched feet (Flat footed) High-arched feet

12. T REATMENT M ETHODS Shoes and shoe therapy Orthotics Possible surgical options

13. C OMMON N AIL AND S KIN C ONDITIONS Nails Warts Foreign bodies Fungus infections Contact dermatitis

14. C OMMON N AIL AND S KIN C ONDITIONS Impetigo Eczema Psoriasis Foot odor Corns and calluses

15. C ONDITIONS A FFECTING G ROWTH C ENTERS Osgood Schlatter’s disease Kohler’s disease Freiberg’s disease Sever’s disease

16. C OMMON I NJURIES Fractures, dislocations, and sprains Overuse injuries to the knee (Chondromalacia) Shin splints Achilles tendonitis

17. O THER I SSUES Juvenile bunions Hammertoes Medial pinch callus of the great toe Tailor’s bunion Accessory bones Ganglions and cysts

18. C ONCLUSION Your child’s feet must last a lifetime Treat problems now Visit your podiatrist Dr. Dennis Frisch 561-395-4243 30 SE 7 th St Boca Raton, FL 33432 www.bocaratonpodiatry.com brpod@bellsouth.net