1. | 2015-09-16ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 20151 Unequal working conditions in female and male dominated operations in Swedish municipalities Mats Ryderheim, Swedish Work Environment Authority

2. | Commission by the Swedish Government 2011: Develop and implement directed initiatives aiming at preventing the exclusion of women from working life due to factors in the work environment – a 3,5 year project Build knowledge Disseminate information Train inspectors Carry out national inspection activities 2015-09-162ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

3. | Research on differences in municipal operations from a gender perspective 2015-09-163 Doctoral thesis by Tina Forsberg Kankkunen, Stockholm University, 2009 CHEFiOS – organisational prerequisites and managers’ and employees’ strategies for the creation of ”good jobs” in male- and female predominant municipal operations Professor Annika Härenstam, Gothenburg University ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

4. | The research approach Make visible ---------the first step towards change Compare--------- male and female-dominated operations Reflect---------How come? What would we like to do? What does it take? 2015-09-16ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 20154

5. | 2015-09-165 Social home care services and technical services 56 Swedish municipalities, 7000 – 310 000 inhabitants Parallel inspections of two operations, in the same way from a gender perspective Inspections of female and male dominated municipal operations ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

6. | Our purpose with parallell inspections Compare similarities and differences in the employers' strategies to cater for both women and men having a good working environment regardless of in which operation they work Contribute to increased awareness and knowledge among the employers 2015-09-166ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

7. | 2015-09-167 3. Municipality 1. Social administra- tion manager 1. Technical administra- tion manager Social home care units 2. Employee representatives and first line managers Technical service units 2. Employee representatives and first line managers Design of the inspection activities ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

8. | Facts, 56 municipalities 2015-09-168 Social home careTechnical services Number of employees that we met 1000850 Percentage of women92 %21 % Part time42 % 4 % Full time55 %94 % Fixed-term contracts 4 % Permanent employment92 %90 % ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

9. | 2015-09-169 Social home careTechnical services Number of managers we met228205 Percentage of women94 %24 % < 20 employees/manager 4 %65 % 21-30 employees/manager23 %21 % 31-40 employees/manager39 % 6 % > 40 employees/manager34 % 4 % (4 % not answered) Facts, 56 municipalities ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

10. | Main shortcomings – employees 2015-09-1610 Social home careTechnical services Work demands/work load 77 %23 % Resources/work equipment 66 %33 % Systematic work environment management 53 %47 % ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

11. | Main shortcomings – managers 2015-09-1611 Social home careTechnical services Work demands/work load 64 %36 % Resources/work equipment 86 %14 % Systematic work environment management 54 %46 % ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

12. | Overall comparison 2015-09-1612 Social home careTechnical services Mainly financed by revenuesMainly financed by grants Task-drivenAssignment driven Workload, staffing and other resources not adapted to work goals Workload, staffing and other resources rather well adapted to work goals Equipment is not available to the extent necessary Equipment is usually available to the extent necessary ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

13. | 2015-09-1613 Social home careTechnical services Low degree of self-monitoring and job decision latitude Difficult to manage the high work load Almost always stressed Quite good degree of self-monitoring and job decision latitude Can manage the work load Sometimes stressed Overall comparison - employees ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

14. | 2015-09-1614 Social home careTechnical services 73 percent of managers more than 30 employees Time constraints, much administrative work, many relations, difficult to be present in the daily work and support the employees Highly stressed 10 percent of managers more than 30 employees Pretty good possibilities to support the employees, can be present and manage problems in the daily work Stressed Overall comparison - managers ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

15. | 2015-09-1615 Social home careTechnical services Systematic work environment management shortcomings Lack of knowledge of work hazards Lack of incident reporting Overall comparison - Systematic Work Environment Management, employees and managers ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

16. | Conclusions * Systematic differences in the work environment conditions * Systematic differences in the organizational prerequisites * The prevailing gender pattern in the society at large and in working life emerges * The inspections confirm the research results 2015-09-1616ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015

17. | Follow up inspections 6 months after the inspections Most shortcomings according to the Work Environment Act were either resolved or put into action plans 2015-09-16ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 201517

18. | A brief evaluation 12-16 months after the inspections 11 telephone interviews with managers Some municipalities had started to develop their work organisation. They used our documents as a basis. Many decisions had to be taken on the political level. The Report 2014:3E is available on www.av.se/inenglish/ 2015-09-16ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 201518

19. | Thank you for your attention! 2015-09-1619ETUI, Brussel, 4th March 2015