1. Air Pollution: Concepts that may be confusing

2. The concepts we’ll deal with today The difference between stratospheric and tropospheric ozone Photochemical smog –Inversion layers Acid rain Global change –Especially predicted effects on Oklahoma

3. Where is ozone the “good guy”? trophosphere stratosphere

4. In the stratosphere…. Ozone blocks incoming Ultra-violet radiation --- That’s Good! Ultraviolet radiation –Skin cancer –Cataracts –Plant Damage

5. But, what’s happening to ozone in the Stratosphere? 1979-1985 1986-1992 Deeper purple color means Less ozone above Antartica

6. Why? Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are very stable compounds that we produce at earth’s surface They migrate to the stratosphere Their chlorine gets excited by ultraviolet light After excitation, chlorine attacks ozone layer, depleting it.

7. So, we’ve reduced use of CFC’s Their long life span means that they will be in the stratosphere for a long time, still destroying ozone. However, the rate of increase of ozone depletion has slow, showing we are on the right track By the way, ozone “holes” are opening up in places other than Antarctica

8. Where is ozone the “bad guy”? trophosphere stratosphere

9. Photochemical Smog VOCs break Cycle, allowing PAN to form from NO +VOC

10. NO x + VOC Ozone + Pan light reactants products Chemical Equation for Photochemical Smog

11. Where reactants come from NO x primarily from transportation VOC from a variety of sources, including refining, other industries, etc.

12. Inversion layers trap cold air, allowing pollutants to build up in concentrations, including the compounds needed for photochemical smog Cold air Warm air

13. Ozone’s bad features Extremely reactive will burn leaves, lungs, synthetic compounds (e.g. rubbers, plastics) Because of reactivity, is toxic in very long concentrations (parts per billion)

14. We’re not the only ones concerned about photochemical smog

15. Acid Rain: Where it comes from

16. Acid Rain: Where it goes

17. Some Effects of Acid Rain Human Health Effects include Emphysema And Other Respiratory Diseases Structures & Buildings Also Affected

18. A Mini-Quiz: How will Acid Rain affect Soil Cation Exchange?

19. What can we do about Air Pollution? Venturi Filter This type of filter along with Other forms known as scrubbers Are one way to reduce Smoke stack emissions. What Else can be done?

20. Global Change Global Change includes all of the large scale effects humans are having on the global system –Greenhouse Gases: Global Warming –Reduced Ozone Layer –Habitat Changes –Loss of Biodiversity These changes are strongly interactive

21. What are predictions for effects of Global Change on Oklahoma?

24. What are some other predicted effects?

25. And some more predicted effects Human health effects are also expected as disease vectors find a warmer world a more hospitable place to be –Includes diseases like malaria and cholera

26. The latest report Out this fall– the United Nation’s Science Council’s latest model on global warming has found by looking at climate data over the past decade that they underestimated the amount of warming expected Now expect to see 10 o F increase in air temperature within the new century!