1. GLOBAL COVERAGE Looking Back – Looking Ahead Boyd Sutton

2. Outline A Look Back –What we were asked to do and how we did it –What we found –What we recommended –What happened Some Thoughts for the Future –Recommendations –Pitfalls

3. What We Were Asked to Do Define Global Coverage and related terms Define a process for accomplishing adequate Global Coverage Table options for: –Alternative strategies –Collection and analysis objectives –What baseline knowledge we need to maintain –Approach to surge –Measuring progress and performance

4. Cartoon Roberts scanner broke Caption is: –Remember when we had just one big problem? –Today we see hundreds of destabilizing situations in what we can now call –THE NEW WORLD DISORDER

5. How We Went About It Interviewed more than 70 people –Senior policy and military customers NSC, State, Defense, Treasury, USTR JCS, Commands Senior intelligence managers and workers –Production agencies –Collectors and reporters Reviewed lots of documentation

6. Customers Needs Fairly simple: can be listed on one page Vast majority can be substantially met with open sources of information –But this demands precision collection, expert knowledge, and processing

7. Basic Requirements Politicalwho is in, who is out Economic Diplomatic Military Societal Infrastructure Geospatial US Interests

8. Selected Key Findings Consensus in GCs importance –But few at lower levels aware of DCIs strong support Poor communication from DCI downwards Customer believed appropriate balance of effort should be 70/30 –Intelligence managers believed it should be 90/10 Poor communications with customers

9. Selected Key Findings Broad consensus among customers regarding needs –But none among intelligence managers Poor communication Turf issues Divergent views of what intelligence program resources should be included –Strong military position that all their resources off limits Turf trumps common interest

10. Selected Key Findings Widespread concern regarding open sources –How viewed by senior managers –How used by analysts –Current and projected resources Need to look seriously at commercial industry of open source providers Acquire processed knowledge not just information

11. Framework Effective program requires clear, universal understanding on three key points: –Strategic intent: what do you want to achieve? –Definition of global coverage – what should it mean to everyone? –Community framework: overall concept

12. Strategic Intent Three options: –Global Intelligence Full service but on a limited scale Enough coverage so there are few surprises –Focused Attention Avoid defined categories of major surprises. Accept others, respond well –Quick Reaction Accept many surprises, and focus on efficient response.

13. Definition What is Global Coverage? Two options. –UNIVERSAL meaning of GC: General information for all countries, everything that is not a hard target issue –RESTRICTED meaning of GC: Intelligence for a defined set of countries –Which countries? –What substance?

14. Framework What are the pillars of Global Coverage? ONE OPTION. No other came close. –Minimum baseline Knowledge, expertise, resources routinely applied –Watch Focus of routine attention to meet warning objectives –Surge Focused increase in resources to address a developing situation –Routine Services Servicing customers routine (non-crisis) needs

15. Conclusions/Recommendations If everything is a priority, nothing is…. –First, decide on strategic intent –Second, focus on what is essential Requirements versus desirements Difficult but explicit decisions about which risks are acceptable and which are not Develop a common language –Consistent definitionscommon understanding

16. Conclusions/Recommendations Establish a common frameworkthe pillars –Minimum baselinewhat to know all the time –Watchwhat to watch all the time –Surgehow to get better fast, when needed –Routine servicesjuggling customers non-crisis needs MAKE EXPLICIT CHOICES ABOUT HOW YOU ARE GOING TO HANDLE EACH If you cannot measure it, you cannot manage it. –Regular program of evaluation Trust but verifythe Achilles heel of management

17. What Happened? NOTHING! DCI said thanks and shelved the study Only decision was to decide nothing Several senior managers praised report Only copies disseminated were those I circulated for comment.